Codeine is an opiate used to manage mild to moderate pain severe enough to require an opioid. Codeine is a selective agonist for the mu opioid receptor and has an affinity to delta and kappa-opioid receptors. In some countries, this drug is regulated under various narcotic control laws, because its chronic use can cause physical dependence. In others, it is available without a medical prescription in combination with paracetamol.

Amiselimod (MT-1303) is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1 ) receptor modulator which is currently being developed for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. Unlike some other S1P receptor modulators, amiselimod seemed to show a favourable cardiac safety profile in preclinical, phase I and II studies. Amiselimod may be potentially useful for treatment of multiple sclerosis; inflammatory diseases; autoimmune diseases; psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Amiselimod is currently being developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation.

(+)-Fadrozole (FAD-286) is an aldosterone synthase inhibitor. The drug was tested in vivo in preclinical models of hypertension, heart failure and was shown to reduce retinal neovascularization in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Dexamisole is the dextro-isomer of tetramisole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Dexamisole significantly improves mood and psychotonicity. In adrenergically innervated blood vessels dexamisole inhibits neuronal uptake of norepinephrine more than levamisole. Dexamisole antagonized the reserpine-induced hypothermia but was ineffective in the apomorphine-induced hypothermia in mice. It reduced ptosis produced by reserpine in mice but this effect was very weak. The effect of dexamisole on the amphetamine-induced hyperactivity depended upon the animal species. Dexamisole reduced the duration of immobility in the despair test in rats. It did not modify the 5-HTP-induced head twitch reaction in mice but produced stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex in spinal rats. The latter effect was blocked by phenoxybenzamine but not by cyproheptadine and metergoline. Dexamisole also exerted a sedative and hypothermic effect. The above findings indicate that the pharmacological profile of dexamisole resembles in some respects that of tricyclic antidepressants; they also point out that this drug has a central noradrenergic activity.

Enpiroline (WR 180,409) is an antimalarial compound. It demonstrates activity against Plasmodium falciparum both in vitro and in non-immune infected subjects. Additionally, it exerts antischistosomal activity.

Foretinib is an orally available multikinase inhibitor that targets c-MET and VEGFR2 with high affinity, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Foretinib is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of cancer. It was in Phase II trials for the treatment breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer and papillary renal-cell carcinoma. The most frequent adverse events of any grade associated with foretinib were fatigue, hypertension, gastrointestinal toxicities, and nonfatal pulmonary emboli.

Dipraglurant (ADX48621) is a novel, potent mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator that reduced the severity of drug-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Dipraglurant pharmacokinetic variables were similar to those of levodopa, suggesting that both drugs can be co-administered simultaneously in further studies. Dipraglurant might be useful in torsion dystonia treatment also. Detected adverse events are: sweating, dyskinesia, nausea, dizziness, and anxiety. One serious adverse event described as possible syncope.