U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 21 - 30 of 47384 results

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an endogenous hydrophilic bile acid used clinically to treat certain liver diseases. It is approved in Italy and Turkey for the treatment of cholesterol gallstones and is an investigational drug in China, Unites States, and Italy. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) promote choleresis by triggering the insertion of transport proteins for bile acids into the canalicular and basolateral membranes of hepatocytes. In addition, Tauroursodeoxycholate exerts hepatoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects, can counteract the action of toxic bile acids and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress. Tauroursodeoxycholate can also initiate the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) including hepatic stellate cells and promote their development into hepatocyte-like cells. Although the hepatoprotective and choleretic action of TUDC is empirically used in clinical medicine since decades, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained largely unclear.
KD025 is an orally available, selective small molecule inhibitor of ROCK2 (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2), a molecular target in multiple autoimmune, fibrotic and neurodegenerative diseases. KD025 is the only ROCK2-specific inhibitor in the clinical trials. KD025 down-regulates the IL-17 and IL-21 secretion in human PBMCs, and leads to down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation, IRF4, and RORγt expression in CD4+ T cells. Kadmon Pharmaceuticals initiated phase II clinical trials of KD025 for the treatment of Graft-versus-host disease; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Plaque psoriasis.
Fexinidazole is an antiparasitic drug, which is in the phase III of clinical trial for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis, and in the phase II for the treatment Disease, Chagas and Visceral Leishmaniosis. However, for the Visceral Leishmaniosis, studies were terminated, due to lack of efficacy. Fexinidazole rapidly metabolized to two active metabolites, a sulfone and a sulfoxide, which prolong the pharmacological action of parent drug. These metabolites retaine trypanocidal activity but are less effective in nifurtimox-resistant lines, which can lead to the potential danger in the use of fexinidazole as a monotherapy.
Bristol-Myers Squibb developed Rimegepant, also known as BMS-927711. Rimegepant is a potent, selective, competitive and orally active calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist in clinical trials for treating migraine. Rimegepant has shown in vivo efficacy without vasoconstrictor effect; it is superior to placebo at several different doses (75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg) and has an excellent tolerability profile.
Amisulpride, a benzamide derivative, shows a unique therapeutic profile being atypical antipsychotic. At low doses, it enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission by preferentially blocking presynaptic dopamine D2/D3 autoreceptors. At higher doses, amisupride antagonises postsynaptic dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, preferentially in the limbic system rather than the striatum, thereby reducing dopaminergic transmission. In addition its antagonism at serotonin 5-HT7 receptors likely underlies the antidepressant actions. Amisulpride is approved for clinical use in treating schizophrenia in a number of European countries and also for treating dysthymia, a mild form of depression, in Italy.
Capmatinib (INC280, INCB028060), is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor [HGFR]) with potential antineoplastic activity. Novartis acquired Incyte's capmatinib, which is in Phase II clinical trial as monotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Capmatinib selectively binds to c-Met, thereby inhibiting c-Met phosphorylation and disrupting c-Met signal transduction pathways. This may induce cell death in tumor cells overexpressing c-Met protein or expressing constitutively activated c-Met protein. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis.