Tiludronic acid is a bisphosphonate characterized by a (4-chlorophenylthio) group on the carbon atom of the basic P-C-P structure common to all bisphosphonates. Tiludronate is a first generation (non-nitrogenous) bisphosphonate in the same family as etidronate and clodronate. Tiludronate affects calcium metabolism and inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. Of the tiludronate that is resorbed (from oral preparation) or infused (for intravenous drugs), about 50% is excreted unchanged by the kidney. The remainder has a very high affinity for bone tissue, and is rapidly absorbed onto the bone surface. Tiludronic acid is marketed under the tradename Skelid. In vitro studies indicate that tiludronate disodium acts primarily on bone through a mechanism that involves inhibition of osteoclastic activity with a probable reduction in the enzymatic and transport processes that lead to resorption of the mineralized matrix. Bone resorption occurs following recruitment, activation, and polarization of osteoclasts. Tiludronate disodium appears to inhibit osteoclasts through at least two mechanisms: disruption of the cytoskeletal ring structure, possibly by inhibition of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase, thus leading to detachment of osteoclasts from the bone surface and the inhibition of the osteoclastic proton pump. SKELID is indicated for treatment of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans).

Delavirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Delavirdine binds directly to reverse transcriptase (RT) and blocks RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities. Delavirdine does not compete with template:primer or deoxynucleoside triphosphates. HIV-2 RT and human cellular DNA polymerases alfa, gamma, or delta are not inhibited by delavirdine. In addition, HIV-1 group O, a group of highly divergent strains that are uncommon in North America, may not be inhibited by delavirdine. Delavirdine is marketed under the trade name Rescriptor, indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with at least 2 other active antiretroviral agents when therapy is warranted. .

Salsalate is a dimer of salicylic acid. Upon administration, it is metabolically hydrolyzed to salicylic acid. Salsalate is is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent for oral administration for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and related rheumatoid disorders. In addition, salsalate is investigated for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Stavudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. Stavudine inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA. Stavudine is used for the treatment of human immunovirus (HIV) infections. Stavudine is sold under the brand name Zerit among others.

Teniposide is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II with anti-cancer activity. The drug was approved by FDA under the name Vumon for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Misoprostol is an antineoplastic drug used to treat skin growths caused by sun exposure. Masoprocol is a novel antineoplastic agent was used for the treatment of actinic keratoses (precancerous skin growths that can become malignant if left untreated). Masoprocol was withdrawn from the U.S. market in June 1996. It is not known exactly how Masoprocol works. Studies have shown that masoprocol is a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and has antiproliferative activity against keratinocytes in tissue culture, but the relationship between this activity and its effectiveness in actinic keratoses is unknown. Masoprocol also inhibits prostaglandins but the significance of this action is not yet known. Symptoms of overdose or allergic reaction include bluish coloration of skin, dizziness, severe, or feeling faint, wheezing or trouble in breathing.

Didanosine was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb in collaboration with the NIH for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Upon administration the drug is metabolized to the active metabolite which inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase both by competing with deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate and by its incorporation into viral DNA. Didanosine was approved by FDA under the name Videx (among the other names).

Carprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug developed in Japan by Nippon Roche Research Center. Carprofen, as many NSAIDs, selectively inhibits COX-2 and was shown to suppress inflammation in vitro, using osteoarthritis models. The drug was approved by FDA for human use under the name Ridamyl, however, now it is sold only for veterinary purposes and prescribed for the treatment of postoperative pain and the relief of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.

Etretinate (trade name Tegison) is a medication developed by Hoffmann–La Roche that was approved by the FDA in 1986 to treat severe psoriasis. It is a second-generation retinoid. It was subsequently removed from the Canadian market in 1996 and the United States market in 1998 due to the high risk of birth defects. Etretinate remains on the market in Japan as Tigason. The mechanism of action of etretinate is still incompletely understood although, like retinoic acid, it is thought to interfere with the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Etretinate activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.