Heptadecenoic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Heptadecenoic acid (17:1) is a minor constituent of ruminant fats. It has possible antitumor activity. Heptadecenoic acid is used in lipid studies and biological systems.

N,N-dimethylglycine or dimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into glycine. DMG has been found acting at glycine binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). DMG has had wide acceptance as a nonfuel nutrient; presumably it enhances oxygen utilization by tissue and complexes free radicals. There were published studies, which have shown little to no difference between DMG treatment and placebo in autism spectrum disorders and the same no effect was observed in case of investigated DMG for epilepsy. This compound was also suggested to use to improve the athletic performance enhancer, but this usage was ineffective as well.

Carnosic acid [CA, (4aR,10aS)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7- propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-4a-carboxylic acid] is a phenolic diterpene found in the leaves of the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis) and is used routinely as a food and cosmetic additive due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Carnosic acid as a food additive has a good safety profile and does not pose a health concern. Carnosic acid has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anticancer, photoprotective, and antiadipogenic activities in vitro. Carnosic acid was shown to induce significant weight loss and reduced visceral adiposity in ob/ob mice fed a diet supplemented with carnosic acid. Carnosic acid is used as a preservative or antioxidant in food and nonfood products (e.g. toothpaste, mouthwash and chewing gum) -in which it has an antimicrobial effect on the microbes responsible for bad breath- or in skin care products.

Syringic acid (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. Current reports claim its potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties in various animal models. Syringic acid (SA) possesses anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic effects via the regulation of lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes. SA is likely to be a new natural therapeutic agent for obesity or non-alcoholic liver disease. Syringic acid reduces oxidative stress and axonal degeneration in rat sciatic nerve after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Syringic acid may play a role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to ischemia/reperfusion.

N, N – Dimethylarginine, more known as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma. It is formed by methylation of arginine residues in proteins and released after proteolysis. ADMA is an endogenous inhibitor of all isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide from arginine. Elevated plasma concentrations of ADMA are associated with hypertension and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is known, that chronic kidney disease (CDK) is associated with increased risk of renal and cardiovascular events and it has been claimed that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are contributing factors. Nevertheless, the recent comprehensive analysis of methylarginines in a cohort of patients with non-dialysis CKD have revealed, the potential pathophysiological role of SDMA in CKD progression and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among non-dialysis CKD patients. Thus SDMA predicts CKD progression and future atherosclerotic cardiovascular events more consistently than other methylarginines. In addition, was also shown, that the maternal plasma ADMA concentration is an important indicator of fetal growth restriction in women with impaired placental perfusion independent of NO.