U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 231 - 240 of 304 results

Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.20(a)(2) cough/cold:nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
Source URL:
First approved in 1961

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug. Pseudoephedrine acts as an adrenomimetic and inhibitor of monoamine transporters. Ephedra sinica, a species of ephedra (ma huang), contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Ephedra has been found to stimulate the nervous system, increase airflow into the lungs and constrict blood vessels. In combination with caffeine, ephedra appears to cause weight loss. Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Pseudoephedrine is used to relieve nasal or sinus congestion caused by the common cold, sinusitis, and hay fever and other respiratory allergies.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.16(d) cough/cold:bronchodilator epinephrine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1901

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic catecholamine. It acts as a naturally occurring agonist at both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. Three pharmacologic types have been identified: alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Each of these has three subtypes, characterized by both structural and functional differences. The alpha 2 and beta receptors are coupled negatively and positively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase via Gi or Gs regulatory proteins, and the alpha 1 receptors modulate phospholipase C via the Go protein. Subtype expression is regulated at the level of the gene, the mRNA, and the protein through various transcriptional and postsynthetic mechanisms. Through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine lessens the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that occurs during anaphylaxis, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension. Through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also alleviates pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis because of its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder. Epinephrine increases glycogenolysis, reduces glucose up take by tissues, and inhibits insulin release in the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and increased blood lactic acid.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.16(d) cough/cold:bronchodilator epinephrine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1901

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic catecholamine. It acts as a naturally occurring agonist at both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. Three pharmacologic types have been identified: alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Each of these has three subtypes, characterized by both structural and functional differences. The alpha 2 and beta receptors are coupled negatively and positively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase via Gi or Gs regulatory proteins, and the alpha 1 receptors modulate phospholipase C via the Go protein. Subtype expression is regulated at the level of the gene, the mRNA, and the protein through various transcriptional and postsynthetic mechanisms. Through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine lessens the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that occurs during anaphylaxis, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension. Through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also alleviates pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis because of its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder. Epinephrine increases glycogenolysis, reduces glucose up take by tissues, and inhibits insulin release in the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and increased blood lactic acid.
Dasotraline, also known as SEP-225,289, is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). It has an extended half-life (47-77 hours) that supports the potential for plasma concentrations yielding a continuous therapeutic effect over the 24-hour dosing interval at steady state. Dasotraline has shown a lower potential for abuse than methylphenidate in clinical testing. Dasotraline was discovered by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. and is currently in development to evaluate its use in treating ADHD in adults and children, and BED in adults in the United States. It has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD, BED or any other disorder.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT04586790: Phase 2 Interventional Unknown status Spinal Shock
(2020)
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Norepinephrine hydrochloride, (±)- (DL-Norepinephrine Hydrochloride) is a vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimulant, α- and β-sympathomimetic agent. DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is an adrenergic drug. Norepinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine that is the neurotransmitter at sympathetic postganglionic fibers. It has potent beta1- and alpha-stimulating effects. In contrast to epinephrine, norepinephrine has only minor effects on beta2 receptors. The clinical effects of norepinephrine administration are mainly increased cardiac index and increased vascular (systemic and pulmonary) resistance. Several adult studies have suggested that norepinephrine is useful in increasing SVR in patients with hyperdynamic or vasodilatory septic shock that is not responsive to dopamine or epinephrine. Additionally, it can augment coronary blood flow by increasing systemic diastolic pressure, at the expense of increasing afterload.
DOV 216,303 [(+/-)-1-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0] hexane hydrochloride] is the prototype of a class of compounds referred to as "triple" reuptake inhibitors. DOV 216,303 were licensed from Wyeth in 1998. This compound inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), the three neurotransmitters most closely linked to major depressive disorder. In August 2004, DOV entered into a development and commercialization partnership for the triple reuptake inhibitors (DOV 21,947 and DOV 216,303) with Merck for depression.
DOV 216,303 [(+/-)-1-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0] hexane hydrochloride] is the prototype of a class of compounds referred to as "triple" reuptake inhibitors. DOV 216,303 were licensed from Wyeth in 1998. This compound inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), the three neurotransmitters most closely linked to major depressive disorder. In August 2004, DOV entered into a development and commercialization partnership for the triple reuptake inhibitors (DOV 21,947 and DOV 216,303) with Merck for depression.
DOV 216,303 [(+/-)-1-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0] hexane hydrochloride] is the prototype of a class of compounds referred to as "triple" reuptake inhibitors. DOV 216,303 were licensed from Wyeth in 1998. This compound inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), the three neurotransmitters most closely linked to major depressive disorder. In August 2004, DOV entered into a development and commercialization partnership for the triple reuptake inhibitors (DOV 21,947 and DOV 216,303) with Merck for depression.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:oxidopamine
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Conditions:

Oxidopamine (6-Hydroxydopamine) is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine with potential antineoplastic activity. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-HOD) can be taken up by selective adrenergic terminals, thereby causing acute degeneration of adrenergic terminals that leads to depletion of norepinephrine, and of dopamine in the dopamine-sensitive sites. This agent is auto-oxidated at physiological pH that leads to the formation of reactive free radicals, thereby leading to cytotoxicity in neural cells. 6-Hydroxydopamine is often used to induce CNS and sympathetic neural lesions that model aging and various nervous disorders in animal systems. The growth of C-1300 neuroblastoma was markedly slowed in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mice. The growth of the A-10 breast adenocarcinoma was also significantly retarded in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mice but the growth of B-16 melanoma was not affected.

Showing 231 - 240 of 304 results