U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 11 - 15 of 15 results

Diphemanil methylsulfate (Prantal), a quarternary amine, is a highly specific parasympathetic blocking agent.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
ORTHOXINE by UPJOHN
(1961)
Source URL:
First approved in 1949
Source:
Orthoxine HCl by Upjohn
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)



Methoxyphenamine also known as 2-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (OMMA), is a beta adrenergic receptor agonist nd is used as a bronchodilator to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and postinfectious cough. In addition, methoxyphenamine using is prohibited in sports according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Tuamine Sulfate by Lilly
(1943)
Source URL:
First approved in 1943
Source:
Tuamine Sulfate by Lilly
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)


Tuaminoheptane (or 2-aminoheptane), a nasal decongestant that is on the list of prohibited substances published by the World Anti-Doping Agency due to its stimulating properties. Tuaminoheptane is a stimulant of the sympathetic nervous system, similarly to several other known drugs targeting norepinephrine transporter
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Biphenamine is a local anesthetic with antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been used in the treatment of seborrheic scalp disorders.
mixture
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
benzalkonium chloride
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
benzalkonium chloride
Source URL:

Class:
MIXTURE


Benzalkonium chloride, also known as BZK, BKC, BAC, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC, is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. In 2011, a large clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of hand sanitizers based on different active ingredients in preventing virus transmission amongst schoolchildren was re-designed to exclude sanitizers based on benzalkonium chloride due to safety concerns. Benzalkonium chloride has been in common use as a pharmaceutical preservative and antimicrobial since the 1940s. While early studies confirmed the corrosive and irritant properties of benzalkonium chloride, investigations into the adverse effects of, and disease states linked to, benzalkonium chloride have only surfaced during the past 30 years. Benzalkonium chloride is classed as a Category III antiseptic active ingredient by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Ingredients are categorised as Category III when "available data are insufficient to classify as safe and effective, and further testing is required”. Benzalkonium chloride is excluded from the current United States Food and Drug Administration review of the safety and effectiveness of consumer antiseptics and topical antimicrobial over-the-counter drug products, meaning it will remain a Category III ingredient. The mechanism of bactericidal/microbicidal action is thought to be due to disruption of intermolecular interactions. This can cause dissociation of cellular membrane lipid bilayers, which compromises cellular permeability controls and induces leakage of cellular contents. Other biomolecular complexes within the bacterial cell can also undergo dissociation. Enzymes, which finely control a wide range of respiratory and metabolic cellular activities, are particularly susceptible to deactivation. Critical intermolecular interactions and tertiary structures in such highly specific biochemical systems can be readily disrupted by cationic surfactants. Benzalkonium chloride is a human skin and severe eye irritant. It is a suspected respiratory toxicant, immunotoxicant, gastrointestinal toxicant and neurotoxicant.

Showing 11 - 15 of 15 results