Tyropanic acid and its salt sodium tyropanoate are radiocontrast agents used in cholecystography (X-ray diagnosis of gallstones). Tyropanic acid is sold under the trade names Bilopaque, Lumopaque, Tyropaque, and Bilopac. The molecule contains three heavy iodine atoms which obstruct X-rays in the same way as the calcium in bones to produce a visible image. After injection it is rapidly excreted into the bile.

Diphenidol, a nonphenothiazinic antiemetic agent used primarily in patients with Meniere disease and labyrinthopathies to treat vomiting and vertigo, is considered to be a relatively safe drug. Since it was first approved in the United States in 1967, this drug has been widely used in Latin America and Asia and has contributed to sporadic suicidal and accidental poisonings in mainland China and Taiwan. The mechanism by which diphenidol exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not precisely known. It is thought to diminish vestibular stimulation and depress labyrinthine function and as an antimuscarinic agent. An action on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. Diphenidol has no significant sedative, tranquilizing, or antihistaminic action. It has a weak peripheral anticholinergic effect. Diphenidol is used to relieve or prevent nausea, vomiting, and dizziness caused by certain medical problems.

Diphenidol, a nonphenothiazinic antiemetic agent used primarily in patients with Meniere disease and labyrinthopathies to treat vomiting and vertigo, is considered to be a relatively safe drug. Since it was first approved in the United States in 1967, this drug has been widely used in Latin America and Asia and has contributed to sporadic suicidal and accidental poisonings in mainland China and Taiwan. The mechanism by which diphenidol exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not precisely known. It is thought to diminish vestibular stimulation and depress labyrinthine function and as an antimuscarinic agent. An action on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone may also be involved in the antiemetic effect. Diphenidol has no significant sedative, tranquilizing, or antihistaminic action. It has a weak peripheral anticholinergic effect. Diphenidol is used to relieve or prevent nausea, vomiting, and dizziness caused by certain medical problems.

Methacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Similar to other tetracyclines, it has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active against most Gram-positive bacteria (pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, shigella, etc.), and towards agents causing onithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, and some Protozoa. Like other tetracyclines, the general usefulness of methacycline has been reduced with the onset of bacterial resistance. Methacycline inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Methacycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 16S part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. Methacycline is mostly used for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Dimethisterone (brand name Secrosteron) is an orally active progestational agent. It was developed by the British pharmaceutical company British Drug Houses and was first reported in the literature in 1959 with introduction for medical use as Secrosteron. Relative to ethisterone, it is 12 times as potent orally as a progestogen in animals (Clauberg test). It has an oral LD50 in mice of 7.65 g/kg, no apparent anabolic, androgenic properties and no significant effect on sodium, potassium or water excretion in saline loaded rats. Dimethisterone was introduced in the United States as an oral contraceptive for birth control in combination with ethinylestradiol under the brand name Oracon (25 mg dimethisterone, 100 ug ethinylestradiol) and was produced by Mead Johnson & Company (Evansville, Indiana) in 1974. This preparation was eventually found to be associated with a substantially increased risk of endometrial cancer in women, and is now no longer marketed.

Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a derivative of naturally secreted progesterone that shows high affinity and activity at the progesterone receptor. It has an anti-estrogenic effect and, in contrast to natural progesterone, shows moderate anti-androgenic properties. CMA acts by blocking androgen receptors in target organs and by reducing the activity of skin 5alpha-reductase. It suppresses gonadotropin secretion and thereby reduces ovarian and adrenal androgen production. CMA shows high contraceptive efficacy by inhibiting ovulation due to its ability to suppress or disrupt endogenous gonadotropin secretion and, by this, inhibits follicular growth and maturation. In addition, it suppresses endometrial thickness and increases the viscosity of cervical mucus. Chlormadinone acetate was withdrawn from the market in the USA, but it is still being used in Europe under the name Belara.

Cloxacillin is a derivative of penicillin for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The drug exerts its action by inhiiting bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillin-binding proteins).

Cloxacillin is a derivative of penicillin for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The drug exerts its action by inhiiting bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillin-binding proteins).

Chlorphentermine exerts anorectic properties. It is a synthetic amphetamine derivatc claimed to have none of the excitatory effects of the parenit substanice. PRE-SATE (Chlorphentermine HCl) is an effective appetite suppressant with a pattern of pharmacologic action substantially different from those of traditional anorexigenics. In providing dependable appetite control with appreciable loss of bodyweight, PRE-SATE does not significantly increase central nervous system (CNS), cardiorespiratory or metabolic activity.

Methyl anisotropinium (Anisotropine methylbromide) is a quaternary ammonium compound. Its use as treatment adjunct in peptic ulcer has been replaced by the use of more effective agents. Depending on the dose, anisotropine methylbromide may reduce the motility and secretory activity of the gastrointestinal system, and the tone of the ureter and urinary bladder and may have a slight relaxant action on the bile ducts and gallbladder. In general, smaller doses of anisotropine methylbromide inhibit salivary and bronchial secretions, sweating, and accommodation; cause dilatation of the pupil; and increase the heart rate. Larger doses are required to decrease motility of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Methyl anisotropinium inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These postganglionic receptor sites are present in the autonomic effector cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and exocrine glands. It is used in conjunction with antacids or histamine H2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of peptic ulcer, to reduce further gastric acid secretion and delay gastric emptying.