4-Hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, (4S,3R)-(E)-(±)- (Blumenol A) is a major secondary metabolite initially isolated from the leaves of Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae), commonly known as pond apple, which is a tropical tree distributed mainly in the Americas and in Southeast Asia, and used in traditional medicine as an insecticide and a parasiticide. Blumenol A was reported to display inhibitory activity against a panel of human solid tumor cell lines

Kasugamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, potently inhibits both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and suppresses protein synthesis. Kasugamycin was studied in clinical use for urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was investigated its therapeutic effect on respiratory infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experiments in vitro showed that kasugamycin did not have any appreciable effect against a variety of bacteria tested. The only exceptions were several species of gram-negative bacteria, against which antibiotics that are more satisfactory already exist. That is why further evaluation of kasugamycin for potential human use as an antipseudomonal was discontinued.