Pirtenidine is the antimicrobial agent. Pirtenidine was found to be highly efficacious against oral plaque-forming microorganisms. Adherence of Candida spp. to buccal epithelial cells in vitro was significantly reduced after both short- and long-term periods of yeast exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of pirtenidine. The drug was shown to cause extensive leakage of cytoplasmic contents from the Candida albicans cells which was correlated with morphological and ultrastructural changes in the yeast. Pirtenidine affects the lipids and sterol composition of C. albicans.

Vicriviroc or SCH 417690 is a potent and selective antagonist of the CCR5 receptor. vicriviroc binds specifically to the CCR5 receptor and prevents infection of target cells by CCR5-tropic HIV-1 isolates. In antiviral assays, vicriviroc showed potent, broad-spectrum activity against genetically diverse and drug-resistant HIV-1 isolates and was consistently more active than SCH-C in inhibiting viral replication. This compound demonstrated synergistic anti-HIV activity in combination with drugs from all other classes of approved antiretrovirals. Competition binding assays revealed that vicriviroc binds with higher affinity to CCR5 than SCH-C. Functional assays, including inhibition of calcium flux, guanosine 5'-[35S]triphosphate exchange, and chemotaxis, confirmed that vicriviroc acts as a receptor antagonist by inhibiting signaling of CCR5 by chemokines. Finally, vicriviroc demonstrated diminished affinity for the human ether a-go-go related gene transcript ion channel compared to SCH-C, suggesting a reduced potential for cardiac effects. Vicriviroc represented a promising new candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Vicriviroc for HIV treatment was previously in Phase III studies but has since been discontinued.

Omaciclovir (previously known as H2G), a cyclic guanosine analog that is structurally similar to acyclovir and was in clinical development for the treatment of herpesvirus infections. This drug acted against varicella-zoster virus (VZV), by the formation of high concentrations of relatively stable H2G-triphosphate, which is a potent inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerases. However, further development of this drug was discontinued.

Pretamazium is thiazolium derivative patented by UK pharmaceutical company Wellcome Foundation Ltd. as antiphrastic compound, that active against parasitic nematodes.

Thiphencillin is a penicillin analog patented by Abbott Laboratories as an antibacterial agent. Thiphencillin shows potent antibacterial activity against various species and genera of pathogenic bacteria.

Mimbane was developed by Parke-Davis as an analgesic. Information about the current use of the drug is not available.

Oxifungin was developed as an antifungal agent. However, information about the current use of this compound is not available.

Oximonam (also known as SQ 82,291) was developed as a monobactam antibiotic that had shown good activity against different bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae and was no activity at all against staphylococci and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pafuramidine or DB289, [2,5-bis-(4-amidinophenyl)furan bis-O-methylamidoxime] is a pro-drug of DB75, [2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan] also known as furamidine. The biotransformation process of DB289 to DB75 in the human liver consists of three O-demethylation reactions catalyzed by the Cyp4F enzyme subfamily and three N-dehydroxylation reactions catalyzed by cytrochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. DB289 was studied for therapeutic treatment against human African trypanosomiasis, Pneumocystis pneumonia and malaria. In November 2006, Immtech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had granted orphan drug designation for pafuramidine (DB289) to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), a common life-threatening opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS and other immunosuppressed patients. Despite the high efficacy of DB289 in patients, the mechanism of action of DB75 is unknown. The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of diamidine compounds is incompletely understood. They undergo active uptake by purine transporter systems in trypanosomes and their mechanism of action may involve interference with DNA-associated enzymes inhibition of heme crystallization11 or/and collapse of the transmitochondrial membrane potential.

Streptoniazid is a streptomycin derivative patented by Societe des usines chimiques de Rhone-Poulenc as antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.