ISOAMYL ACETATE is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. It is present in many fruit aromas, especially banana, and is used in banana flavoring. It is a clear colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents.

Parabens are widely used preservatives in basic necessities such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It was found, that butylparaben has estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties and is known to reduce sperm counts in rats following perinatal exposure. In addition was observed, that butylparaben exerted endocrine disrupting effects on both male and female offspring. In 2009-2010, 80 pregnant women from Ottawa Canada participated in the Plastics and Personal-Care Product Use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. Women kept a diary of products that they used 24 h prior to and during the collection. All parabens measured in maternal urine had moderate to high reproducibility. Women who used lotions in the past 24 h had significantly higher geometric mean paraben concentrations (80-110%) in their urine than women who reported no use in the past 24 h. Women who used shampoo, conditioner, and cosmetics also showed 70-80% higher butylparaben concentrations in their urine.

Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.

Hydroxycitronellal is a perfume ingredient with a medium strength floral scent, reminiscent of lily and sweet tropical melon. It is produced synthetically from naturally occurring scent chemical citronellal. It is on the CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 list of synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants. Hydroxycitronellal is banned in the European Union because of its toxic properties. Hydroxycitronellal is an allergen. Hydroxycitronellal has being shown to consistently modulate CCR5, CCL27, CCL2 and CCR7 in immature dendritic cells. Hydroxycitronellal is a TRPM8 agonist.

There is no information related to the biological and pharmacological application of levulinic acid. But is known, that levulinic acid was recognized by the US Department of Energy as one of the top biobased platform chemicals of the future. It is a versatile building block with a clear value proposition in chemicals. Levulinic acid can successfully address many performance-related issues attributed to petroleum-based chemicals and materials.

Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound isolated from pine needles, larch bark, the destructive distillates of various organic materials and the alkaline hydrolysis products of streptomycin. Because of caramel-butterscotch odor, and suggestive of fruity-strawberry aroma in dilute solutions, maltol is used as a food additive mainly in confectionary and bakery products. Maltol is considered safe by FDA according to existing data and granted GRAS status. Maltol chelates metal ions such as Fe3+, Al3+, and is reported to increase uptake of aluminum and iron in the body. Maltol was reported to have a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells under oxidative stress, and hepatoprotective effect on alcohol-induced liver oxidative injury.

Dibutyl sebacate (DBS) is an organic chemical which is mainly used as a plasticizer in the production of such plastics as cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and many synthetic rubbers and other plastics. It is used for plastics in the food packaging industry, in medical devices, and for pharmaceutical applications. It is classified as mildly toxic by ingestion in humans and has shown experimental reproductive effects in animals; however, it is also approved by the US-FDA as a food additive to be used with the minimum quantity needed to produce the intended effect.