Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C6H6O3 |
Molecular Weight | 126.11 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO1
InChI
InChIKey=XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c1-4-6(8)5(7)2-3-9-4/h2-3,8H,1H3
Molecular Formula | C6H6O3 |
Molecular Weight | 126.11 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound isolated from pine needles, larch bark, the destructive distillates of various organic materials and the alkaline hydrolysis products of streptomycin. Because of caramel-butterscotch odor, and suggestive of fruity-strawberry aroma in dilute solutions, maltol is used as a food additive mainly in confectionary and bakery products. Maltol is considered safe by FDA according to existing data and granted GRAS status. Maltol chelates metal ions such as Fe3+, Al3+, and is reported to increase uptake of aluminum and iron in the body. Maltol was reported to have a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells under oxidative stress, and hepatoprotective effect on alcohol-induced liver oxidative injury.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: map04064 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646062 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Preventing | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Preventing | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Electrochemical determination of maltol in beverages with glassy carbon electrode and its silica sol-gel modified electrode. | 2004 May 28 |
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[Studies on chemical constituents in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus]. | 2005 Aug |
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[Studies on the chemical constituents in herb of Ludwigia octovalvis]. | 2005 Dec |
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Tris(pyronato)- and tris(pyridonato)-ruthenium(III) complexes and solution NMR studies. | 2005 Sep 19 |
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Increase in the free radical scavenging activity of ginseng by heat-processing. | 2006 Apr |
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Study on the nitric oxide scavenging effects of ginseng and its compounds. | 2006 Apr 5 |
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An in vitro study of interactions between insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes and selected plasma components. | 2006 Dec |
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Maltol/iron-mediated apoptosis in HL60 cells: participation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 Feb 20 |
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A novel heterocyclic atom exchange reaction with Lawesson's reagent: a one-pot synthesis of dithiomaltol. | 2006 Jan 14 |
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Prooxidant action of maltol: role of transition metals in the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA. | 2006 Jun |
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Metal complexes of maltol and close analogues in medicinal inorganic chemistry. | 2006 Jun |
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New lipophilic 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate iron(III) complexes: synthesis and EXAFS structural characterisation. | 2006 Mar 14 |
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Maltol inhibits apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. | 2006 Mar 31 |
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Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. | 2007 |
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Comparison of bipyridyl, maltol and kojic acid action as organic vanadium ligands on activity of galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38), some physiological parameters and ultrastructure of Golgi complexes in rat hepatocytes. | 2007 |
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The identification of antioxidants in dark soy sauce. | 2007 Apr |
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Study on the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity changes of ginseng and ginsenoside-Rb2 by heat processing. | 2007 Apr |
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A novel compound, maltolyl p-coumarate, attenuates cognitive deficits and shows neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo dementia models. | 2007 Aug 15 |
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Anticonvulsant effects of aerial parts of Passiflora incarnata extract in mice: involvement of benzodiazepine and opioid receptors. | 2007 Aug 8 |
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Mutagenicity of UV-irradiated maltol in Salmonella typhimurium. | 2007 Jan |
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Induction of cytochrome P450 1a1 by the food flavoring agent, maltol. | 2007 Jun |
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Subthreshold olfactory stimulation can enhance sweetness. | 2007 Mar |
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Flavonol tetraglycosides and other constituents from leaves of Styphnolobium japonicum (Leguminosae) and related taxa. | 2007 May |
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Rapid sample screening method for authenticity controlling vanilla flavors using a CE microchip approach with electrochemical detection. | 2007 Nov |
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Lanthanide containing compounds for therapeutic care in bone resorption disorders. | 2007 Nov 21 |
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Role of maltol in advanced glycation end products and free radicals: in-vitro and in-vivo studies. | 2008 Apr |
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The influence of citrate, maltolate and fluoride on the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum at a drinking water-relevant concentration: A 26Al and 14C study. | 2008 Apr |
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Unexpected C-H activation of Ru(II)-dithiomaltol complexes upon oxidation. | 2008 Apr 7 |
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Family meetings in palliative care: Multidisciplinary clinical practice guidelines. | 2008 Aug 19 |
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Speciation in the aqueous peroxovanadate-maltol and (peroxo)vanadate-uridine systems. | 2008 Feb 28 |
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Two new maltol glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides from Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsl. | 2008 Jan |
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Singlet oxygen scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils from rutaceae. | 2008 Jul |
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Interactions of insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes with cell constituents: glutathione and ATP. | 2008 Jul |
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Determination of volatile organic compounds generated from fresh, white and red Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) using a direct sample injection technique. | 2008 May |
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Volatile compounds and sensorial characterization of wines from four Spanish denominations of origin, aged in Spanish Rebollo (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) oak wood barrels. | 2008 Oct 8 |
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Effect of grain type and toasting conditions of barrels on the concentration of the volatile substances released by the wood and on the sensory characteristics of Montepulciano d'Abruzzo. | 2008 Sep |
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Aqueous Ln(III) luminescence agents derived from a tasty precursor. | 2008 Sep 15 |
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Vanadium treatment of type 2 diabetes: a view to the future. | 2009 Apr |
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Speciation in aqueous vanadate-ligand and peroxovanadate-ligand systems. | 2009 Apr |
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Biospeciation of various antidiabetic V(IV)O compounds in serum. | 2009 Apr 7 |
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Evaluation of the peroxynitrite scavenging activity of heat-processed ginseng. | 2009 Feb |
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Antidiabetic Bis-Maltolato-OxoVanadium(IV): conversion of inactive trans- to bioactive cis-BMOV for possible binding to target PTP-1B. | 2009 Feb 6 |
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Synthesis of 4-pyridone-3-sulfate and an improved synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone. | 2009 Jan 9 |
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Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives. | 2009 May |
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Identification of dihydromaltol (2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) in Ryazhenka Kefir and comparative sensory impact assessment of related cycloenolones. | 2009 Nov 11 |
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Maltol-derived ruthenium-cymene complexes with tumor inhibiting properties: the impact of ligand-metal bond stability on anticancer activity in vitro. | 2009 Nov 16 |
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Iron-binding characterization and polysaccharide production by Klebsiella oxytoca strain isolated from mine acid drainage. | 2009 Oct |
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Mixed-ligand copper(II) maltolate complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleavage, and cytotoxicity. | 2009 Oct 5 |
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Vanadate complexes in serum: a speciation modeling study. | 2010 Jan 7 |
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A Maillard reaction product enhances eNOS activity in human endothelial cells. | 2010 Jul |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e636.htm
Maltol is used in many products, mainly confectionary and bakery products. The acceptable daily intake is up to 1 mg/kg bodyweight.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352751
When the retinal ganglion cells were exposed to 20 μM of H2O2 for 16 h, their viability dropped to 40.3±3.4%. However, the maltol treatment restored the cells in a dose-dependent manner. The viability recovered to 73.9±5.1% with 10 μM of maltol and even reached 175.1±11.3% with 2 mM of maltol, as measured by ATP assay.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:08:47 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 15:08:47 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
3A9RD92BS4
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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CFR |
21 CFR 172.515
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) |
INS-636
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JECFA EVALUATION |
INS-636
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admin on Fri Dec 15 15:08:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:08:47 UTC 2023
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JECFA EVALUATION |
MALTOL
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1375003
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MALTOL
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1362894
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3A9RD92BS4
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CHEMBL31422
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8369
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m7047
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |