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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2018)
Source:
ANDA205459
(2018)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
HEPSERA by GILEAD
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
The potential antiviral effect of adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of 2′-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, was first studied by Holý and De Clercq in 1980s.
Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to the active metabolite adefovir diphosphate by cellular kinases. Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine triphosphate and by causing DNA chain termination after its incorporation into viral DNA. Oral adefovir dipivoxil is effective and generally well tolerated in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2019)
Source:
ANDA209382
(2019)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
NDA021272
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Treprostinil (marketed under the trade names Remodulin for infusion) is a vasodilator that is used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease in which blood pressure is abnormally high in the arteries between the heart and lungs. PAH is characterized by symptoms of shortness of breath during physical exertion. The condition can ultimately lead to heart failure. Treprostinil is a potent oral antiplatelet agent. The major pharmacologic actions of treprostinil are direct vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds and inhibition of platelet aggregation. In animals, the vasodilatory effects reduce right and left ventricular afterload and increase cardiac output and stroke volume. Other studies have shown that treprostinil causes a dose-related negative inotropic and lusitropic effect. No major effects on cardiac conduction have been observed. Treprostinil had high affinity for the Prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1), Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype (EP2) and Prostaglandin D2 receptor (IP) receptors (Ki 4.4, 3.6 and 32 nM, respectively), low affinity for EP1 and EP4 receptors and even lower affinity for EP3, Prostaglandin F (FP) and thromboxane (TP) receptors. Treprostinil has demonstrated a unique effect on PPAR gamma, a transcription factor important in vascular pathogenesis as a mediator of proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. Through a complementary, yet cyclic AMP-independent pathway, treprostinil activates PPARs, another mechanism that contributes to the anti-growth benefits of the prostacyclin class.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2015)
Source:
ANDA204094
(2015)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
NDA021436
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Aripiprazole is the first next-generation atypical antipsychotic. The unique actions of aripiprazole in humans are likely a combination of "functionally selective" activation of D(2) (and possibly D(3))-dopamine receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors, coupled with inhibition of 5-HT(2A) receptors. Aripiprazole was approved by FDA (Abilify trade name) for the treatment of schizophrenia; manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; major depressive disorder; irritability associated with autistic disorder; Tourette’s disorder and agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
ANDA210859
(2022)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
NDA021445
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ezetimibe is an anti-hyperlipidemic medication which is used to lower cholesterol levels. Specifically, it appears to bind to a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption, the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in hepatocytes. Ezetimibe is in a class of lipid-lowering compounds that selectively inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and related phytosterols. Ezetimibe, administered alone is indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for the reduction of elevated total-C, LDL-C, and Apo B in patients with primary (heterozygous familial and non-familial) hypercholesterolemia. It is also used in combination therapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Ezetimibe has a mechanism of action that differs from those of other classes of cholesterol-reducing compounds (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, fibric acid derivatives, and plant stanols). Ezetimibe does not inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver, or increase bile acid excretion but instead localizes and appears to act at the brush border of the small intestine and inhibits the absorption of cholesterol, leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver. This causes a reduction of hepatic cholesterol stores and an increase in clearance of cholesterol from the blood; this distinct mechanism is complementary to that of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA206654
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
NDA021267
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Voriconazole (vor-i-KON-a-zole, brand name Vfend, Pfizer) is a triazole antifungal medication. VFEND® (voriconazole) is available as film-coated tablets for oral administration, and as a lyophilized powder for solution for intravenous infusion. Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent indicated for use in the treatment of fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis, esophageal candidiasis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum (asexual form of Pseudallescheria boydii) and Fusarium spp. including Fusarium solani. Fungal plasma membranes are similar to mammalian plasma membranes, differing in having the nonpolar sterol ergosterol, rather than cholesterol, as the principal sterol. Membrane sterols such as ergosterol provide structure, modulation of membrane fluidity, and possibly control of some physiologic events. Voriconazole effects the formation of the fungal plasma membrane by indirectly inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol. This results in plasma membrane permeability changes and inhibition of growth. The primary mode of action of voriconazole is the inhibition of fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, an essential step in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. The accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols correlates with the subsequent loss of ergosterol in the fungal cell wall and may be responsible for the antifungal activity of voriconazole. Voriconazole has been shown to be more selective for fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes than for various mammalian cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. The most common side effects associated with voriconazole include transient visual disturbances, fever, rash, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, headache, sepsis, peripheral edema, abdominal pain, and respiratory disorder. Unlike most adverse effects, which are similar to other azole antifungal agents, visual disturbances (such as blurred vision or increased sensitivity to light) are unique to voriconazole. Though rare, there have been cases of serious hepatic reactions during treatment with voriconazole (a class effect of azole antifungal agents). Liver function tests should be evaluated at the start of and during the course of therapy. Voriconazole is phototoxic. It has been associated with an increased risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2020)
Source:
ANDA213820
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
ALINIA by ROMARK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tizoxanide, the primary active metabolite of the FDA approved drug nitazoxanide, an anti-infective that has been approved for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia. Tizoxanide, an active metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans, is also an antiparasitic drug of the thiazolide class. It has broad-spectrum antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Besides, it has being found that Tizoxanide exhibits appreciable antagonist activity for both mGluR1 and mGluR5 (IC50 = 1.8 uM and 1.2 uM, respectively).
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2002)
Source:
NDA021196
(2002)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
NDA021196
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous metabolite of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Evidence suggests a role for GHB as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter. Under endogenous conditions and concentrations, and depending on the cell group affected, GHB may increase or decrease neuronal activity by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters that are co-localised with GHB. After exogenous administration, most of the observed behavioural effects appear to be mediated via the activity of GHB at GABA(B) receptors, as long as the concentration is sufficient to elicit binding, which does not happen at endogenous concentrations. Xyrem (sodium oxybate) oral solution is indicated for the treatment of cataplexy in narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2002)
Source:
NDA021363
(2002)
Source URL:
First approved in 2001
Source:
NDA021165
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Desloratadine is an active, descarboethoxy metabolite of loratadine. It acts by selective inhibition of H1 histamine receptor and thus provides relief to patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Desloratadine was approved by FDA and it is currently marketed under the name Clarinex (among the others).
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2021)
Source:
ANDA213541
(2021)
Source URL:
First approved in 2001
Source:
NDA021356
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
(R)-9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA known as tenofovir) is an antiviral drug. Diphosphate of PMPA acts as a selective inhibitor of the HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase. Tenofovir disoproxil was approved for clinical use for the treatment of HIV infection (AIDS) and chronic HBV infection.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2019)
Source:
ANDA207760
(2019)
Source URL:
First approved in 2001
Source:
NDA021290
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist important in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). It is licensed in the United States, the European Union and other countries by Actelion Pharmaceuticals for the management of PAH under the trade name Tracleer®. Bosentan is used to treat pulmonary hypertension by blocking the action of endothelin molecules that would otherwise promote narrowing of the blood vessels and lead to high blood pressure. Bosentan competitively antagonizes the binding of 125I-labeled ET-1 to human vascular smooth muscle cells (predominantly
ETA receptors) with an inhibition constant (Ki )
of 4.7 nM and to human placenta membranes (predominantly
ETB receptors) with a Ki of 95 nM. Furthermore,
bosentan is specific for endothelin receptors and
does not interfere with the binding of a variety of peptides,
neurotransmitters, growth factors, or eicosanoids to their
receptors.
