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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Sandomigran by Sicuteri, F.|Franchi, G.|Del Bianco, P.L.|Anselmi, B.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches. Pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist acting mainly at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors. It also has some activity as an antihistamine as well as some anticholinergic activity. The main medical use for pizotifen is for the prevention of vascular headache including migraine and cluster headache. Pizotifen is one of a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid and amitriptyline. While pizotifen is reasonably effective, its use is limited by side effects, principally drowsiness and weight gain, and it is usually not the first choice medicine for preventing migraines, instead being used as an alternative when other drugs have failed to be effective. It is not effective in relieving migraine attacks once in progress. Pizotifen has also been reported as highly effective in a severe case of erythromelalgia, a rare neurovascular disease that is sometimes refractory to the other drugs named above. Side effects include sedation, dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and weight gain. Occasionally it may cause nausea, headaches, or dizziness. In rare cases, anxiety, aggression and depression may also occur. Pizotifen is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 5 hours after oral administration. The absorption of pizotifen is fast (absorption half life 0.5 to 0.8 hours) and nearly complete (80%). Over 90% is bound to plasma proteins. Pizotifen undergoes extensive metabolism. Over half of a dose is excreted in the urine, chiefly as metabolites; a significant proportion is excreted in the faeces. The primary metabolite of pizotifen (N-glucuronide conjugate) has a long elimination half-life of about 23 hours.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Aescin, the major active principle from Aesculus hippocastanum (Hippocastanaceae) the horse chestnut tree, has shown satisfactory evidence for a clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), haemorrhoids and post-operative oedema. In one controlled trial aescin was
shown to be as effective as compression therapy as an alternative to medical treatment for CVI. The therapeutic benefit is well supported by a number of experimental investigations in different animal models, indicative of clearcut anti-oedematous, anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties, mainly related to the molecular mechanism of the agent, allowing improved entry of ions into
channels, thus raising venous tension in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Other mechanisms, i.e. release of PGF2 from veins, antagonism to 5-HT and histamine, reduced catabolism of tissue mucopolysaccharides, further underline the wide ranging mechanisms of the therapeutic activity of aescin. Aescin exists in two forms, α and β. β-aescin (b-escin) appears to be the active component of the mixture and is the molecular form present in major available pharmaceutical products. Beta-aescin has cytotoxic activity toward human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02847091: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(2016)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Ipragliflozin L-proline is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It was developed and marketed as Suglat® by Astellas cooperating with Kotobuki Pharmaceutical and Merck Sharp & Dohme, and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Jan 17, 2014. It is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Alinamin by Takeda Pharmaceutical
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Prosultiamine (Alinamin®), a well-known thiamine derivative,
was first developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical
Company in Japan in the 1950s. The drug is a homolog
of allithiamine produced by thiol-type vitamin B1 and
allicin. Prosultiamine is
converted to vitamin B1 after absorption from the gut. The
drug thus enables a long-lasting high blood concentration
of vitamin B1, resulting in efficient access of vitamin B1 to
nervous tissue. Prosultiamine has cured many patients with
vitamin B1 deficiency resulting in beriberi neuropathy and
Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Prosultiamine is also a potential treatment for HTLV, since it has been shown to reduce viral load and symptoms.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Tropatepine is an anticholinergic drug. Intramuscular injections of tropatepine are used to counteract the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptic drugs and for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The drug is marketed in Europe under tradename Lepticur.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Tetramisole 10 %
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Tetramisole is a racemic mixture of levamisole and its enantiomer dexamisole, which is a specific inhibitor of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). This drug is used in veterinary to treat of ascariasis and other worm infections e.g hook-"ms. And also is used as an immunostimulant (in that case it is used for longer periods of time).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Cefozopran hydrochloride is a third-generation cephalosporin that was launched for the treatment of severe infections in immunocompromised patients caused by staphylococci and enterococci. While it shows a very broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, it is particularly potent against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most chromosomal and plasmid mediated β-lactamases and is reported to be active against respiratory, urinary tract, obstetrical, gynecological, soft tissue, and surgical infections. Similar to β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Mebhydrolin (INN) or mebhydroline is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist. It is not available in the United States, but it is available in various other countries under the brand names Bexidal and Diazolin. It is used for symptomatic relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release, including nasal allergies and allergic dermatosis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Unknown by Laboratoires Delalande
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Cinepazide or cinepazide maleate (Kelinao or Anjieli in China) is a vasodilator used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral vascular diseases. As a calcium channel blocker, cinepazide can stop calcium from entering vascular smooth muscle cells and relax smooth muscles of cerebral vessels, coronary arteries and peripheral vessels so as to relieve vasospasm, reduce vascular resistance, improve flexibility of red blood cells, increase blood circulation in cerebral vessels and improve microcirculation and brain metabolism. Cinepazide could also increase the number of cAMP by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase and reduce oxygen consumption. In April 2002, cinepazide of Beijing Hwellso Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd was approved to enter the market with two dosage forms of oral formulation and injection under the trade name of Kelinao. Currently, Kelinao is the only domestic brand for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. And in 2009, cinepazide was included in the national medicare drug list. Cinepazide maleate, after wide application, has gained the recognition of Chinese doctors and patients for the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis, transient ischemic attack, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage sequel and post-traumatic brain syndrome. Besides, due to its efficacy in cardiovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases, cinepazide maleate has become a leading product in cerebrovascular drug market.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Maduramicin is antibiotic isolated from actinobacteria Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin is used in veterinary as an aid in the prevention of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and turkeys. The compound is reported to be toxic to animals and humans if improperly used or by accident, resulting in heart failure, skeletal muscle degeneration, and even death. Studies have shown that toxicity is due to activation of protein phosphatase 2A, and the manipulation of the ROS-PTEN-Akt-Erk1/2 pathway may be a potential approach to prevent maduramicin -induced cardiotoxicity.
