AMG-319 is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of PI3Kdelta which is now being tested in phase II for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in phase I for lymphoid malignancy.

The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) accumulate in the central retina, where they are collectively known as macular pigment (MP). Each of these three compounds exhibit a regional dominance, with MZ, Z, and L being the dominant carotenoids at the epicenter, mid-periphery, and periphery of the macula, respectively. Meso-zeaxanthin is formed directly in the retina from lutein. MZ has potent anti-inflammatory effect, which can be due to its down-regulated expression of various inflammatory mediator genes. Meso-zeaxanthin was also found to scavenge superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals. MZ is a part of formulation for MacuShield, which is now the UK’s most recommended eye supplement. Also exists experiments supporting that LMZ3 (meso-zeaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin) supplements may stabilize vision and improve the cavitation’s in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2.

BK-MDA (also known as3,4-methylenedioxycathinone or normethylone), a centrally active metabolite that contributes to overall effects of the drug methylone in vivo. Methylone is a new psychoactive substance that possesses anti-depressant and anti-Parkinson properties and is a frequently abused synthetic cathinone derivative.

Cesium Cation CS-131 is an unstable radioisotope of cesium (Cs) with radiocytotoxic application. Cs-131 is a gamma photon-emitting radionuclide with high energy and a relatively short half-life of 9.7 days. Intraoperative cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy performed at the time of neurosurgical resection may represent an excellent salvage treatment option.

Glycerophosphoinositol choline is a salt of glycerophosphoinositol and choline. It is used in cream or emollient formulation in the treatment of irritative and allergic dermatitis and xerosis of the skin. Glycerophosphoinositol is a natural metabolite, produced in the organism through deacylation by phospholipase B of the essential phospholipid phosphatidylinositol. Glycerophosphoinositols are involved in control of signalling enzymes (e.g. adenylyl cyclase), in actin cytoskeleton organization, in invasion of the extracellular matrix by melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines, and in the control of cell proliferation in epithelial cells.