Amitriptyline is a derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is mainly used to treat symptoms of depression. It works on the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibiting the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Amitriptyline has been frequently used as an active comparator in clinical trials on newer antidepressants. It is rarely used as a first-line antidepressant nowadays due to its high degree of toxicity in overdose and generally poorer tolerability than the newer antidepressants.

Glycopyrrolate is a synthetic anticholinergic agent with a quaternary ammonium structure. Glycopyrrolate is a muscarinic competitive antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics. Glycopyrrolate binds competitively to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, it inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions. Glycopyrrolate antagonizes muscarinic symptoms (e.g., bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, and intestinal hypermotility) induced by cholinergic drugs such as the anticholinesterases. The highly polar quaternary ammonium group of glycopyrrolate limits its passage across lipid membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier, in contrast to atropine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide, which are highly non-polar tertiary amines which penetrate lipid barriers easily. Glycopyrrolate is marketed under the brand names Robinul, Robinul Forte, Cuvposa. In October 2015, glycopyrrolate was approved by the FDA for use as a standalone treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as Seebri Neohaler.

Amitriptyline is a derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is mainly used to treat symptoms of depression. It works on the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibiting the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Amitriptyline has been frequently used as an active comparator in clinical trials on newer antidepressants. It is rarely used as a first-line antidepressant nowadays due to its high degree of toxicity in overdose and generally poorer tolerability than the newer antidepressants.

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (INN, USAN, BAN), also known as 17α-hydroxy-6α-methylprogesterone acetate, and commonly abbreviated as MPA, is a steroidal progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) administered orally or parenterally in the recommended doses to women with adequate endogenous estrogen, transforms proliferative into secretory endometrium. Androgenic and anabolic effects have been noted, but the drug is apparently devoid of significant estrogenic activity. While parenterally administered MPA inhibits gonadotropin production, which in turn prevents follicular maturation and ovulation, available data indicate that this does not occur when the usually recommended oral dosage is given as single daily doses. MPA is a more potent derivative of its parent compound medroxyprogesterone (MP). While medroxyprogesterone is sometimes used as a synonym for medroxyprogesterone acetate, what is normally being administered is MPA and not MP. Used as a contraceptive and to treat secondary amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, pain associated with endometriosis, endometrial and renal cell carcinomas, paraphilia in males, GnRH-dependent forms of precocious puberty, as well as to prevent endometrial changes associated with estrogens. Progestins diffuse freely into target cells in the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, hypothalamus, and the pituitary and bind to the progesterone receptor. Once bound to the receptor, progestins slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH surge.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. Promethazine HCl Oral Solution is useful for: perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods. Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled. Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation. Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery. Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of post-operative pain. Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness. Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.