Escitalopram is one of a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Escitalopram, also known by the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex among others, is an antidepressant. The mechanism of antidepressant action of escitalopram, the S-enantiomer of racemic citalopram, is presumed to be linked to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its inhibition of CNS neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT). In vitro and in vivo studies in animals suggest that escitalopram is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. Escitalopram is at least 100-fold more potent than the R-enantiomer with respect to inhibition of 5-HT reuptake and inhibition of 5-HT neuronal firing rate. LEXAPRO (escitalopram) is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder .

Atomoxetine is indicated for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The precise mechanism by which atomoxetine produces its therapeutic effects in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is unknown, but is thought to be related to selective inhibition of the pre-synaptic norepinephrine transporter. Most common adverse reactions are: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and somnolence, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, and urinary hesitation. Atomoxetine is a substrate for CYP2D6 and hence concurrent treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors such as bupropion (Wellbutrin) or fluoxetine (Prozac) is not recommended, as this can lead to significant elevations of plasma atomoxetine levels.

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.

Desloratadine is an active, descarboethoxy metabolite of loratadine. It acts by selective inhibition of H1 histamine receptor and thus provides relief to patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Desloratadine was approved by FDA and it is currently marketed under the name Clarinex (among the others).

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.

Imatinib (GLEEVEC®) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the constitutive abnormal tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL positive cell lines as well as fresh leukemic cells from Philadelphia chromosome positive CML. Imatinib (GLEEVEC®) inhibits colony formation in assays using ex vivo peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from CML patients. It is also an inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, and inhibits PDGF- and SCF-mediated cellular events. In vitro, imatinib (GLEEVEC®) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells, which express an activating c-kit mutation.

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.

Galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) is a benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in Galanthus and other Amaryllidaceae. It is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that galantamine (RAZADYNE®, galantamine hydrobromide) alters the course of the underlying dementing process.