Reserpine is an alkaloid, isolated from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant and developed by Ciba pharma. Reserpine was approved by FDA for the treatment of hypertension and psychotic disorders. The drug exerts its effect by blocking two vesicular monoamine transporters, VMAT1 and VMAT2. The blockade results in vesicles that lose their ability to store neurotransmitter molecules. Neurotransmitters, thus retained in cytosol, are then neutralized by MAO.

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the purple foxglove flower. In 1785, the English chemist, botanist, and physician Sir William Withering published his findings that Digitalis purpurea could be used to treat cardiac dropsy (congestive heart failure; CHF). Digoxin has been in use for many years, but was not approved by the FDA for treatment of heart failure (HF) until the late 1990s. Another FDA indication for digoxin is atrial fibrillation (AF). Digoxin also has numerous off-label uses, such as in fetal tachycardia, supra-ventricular tachycardia, cor pulmonale, and pulmonary hypertension. Digitoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also has Para sympathomimetic properties. By increasing vagal tone in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, it slows the heart rate and AV nodal conduction.

STANOLONE, also known as dihydrotestosterone, is a potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone and anabolic agent for systemic use. It may be used as a replacement of male sex steroids in men who have androgen deficiency, for example as a result of the loss of both testes, and also the treatment of certain rare forms of aplastic anemia which are or may be responsive to anabolic androgens.

Ethopropazine is an anticholinergic drug. Ethopropazine is an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase and non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Ethopropazine has been used for the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. Also It used for the symptomatic treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration and congenital athetosis.

Phenacemide, also known as phenylacetylurea, is an anticonvulsant of the ureide (acetylurea) class. Phenacemide was introduced in 1949 for the treatment of epilepsy, but was eventually withdrawn from the market because of its severe side effects, which includes personality changes, blood, renal and skin disorders.

Decamethylene disquaternary salts, with a ten-carbon (C10) chain between the quaternary groups, had the most potent curariform action in the series of polymethylene bisquaternaries. Decamethonium was used clinically as a neuromuscular blocking drug for a short time. Decamethonium was different from d-tubocurarine and that it produced a transient augmentation of contraction. C10 produces neuromuscular block by initiating some active response in the endplate or muscle fibre. Unlike d-tubocurare, decamethonium was not reversed by anticholinesterase agents.

Tetraethylammonium is an experimental drug with no approved indication or marketed formulation. Tetraethylammonium blocks of apamin-sensitive and insensitive Ca2(+)-activated K+ channels. It is a weak agonist of the nicotinic receptor. Tetraethylammonium produces transient reductions in blood pressure. Tetraethylammonium hydroxide is used as a soluble source of hydroxide ions and in the synthesis of ionic organic compounds.

Trimethadione (brand name is TRIDIONE) is an oxazolidinedione compound that was developed as an antiepileptic agent for control of petit mal seizures that are refractory to treatment with other drugs. Tridione does not modify the maximal seizure pattern in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy and has a sedative effect that may increase to the point of ataxia when excessive doses are used. Trimethadione acts as a voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ channel blocker. Trimethadione is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is demethylated by liver microsomes to the active metabolite, dimethadione. Approximately 3% of a daily dose of tridione is recovered in the urine as the unchanged drug. The majority of trimethadione is excreted slowly by the kidney in the form of dimethadione.

Sulfabenzamide is an antibacterial/antimicrobial. Often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide (trade name - Sultrin) as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation against Haemophilus (Gardnerella) vaginalis bacteria. The mode of action of SULTRIN is not completely known. Indirect effects, such as lowering the vaginal pH, may be equally important mechanisms.