Apitolisib, a dual inhibitor of mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), was being developed by Roche and Genentech as an orally administered therapy of cancer. Apitolisib is a selective, potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of Class I PI3 kinase (PI3K) and mTOR kinase (TORC1/2) with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties. Apitolisib displayed excellent potency against class I PI3K isoforms (IC50 PI3K-α, β, δ and γ = 4.8, 27, 6.7 and 14 nM) and mTOR kinase (IC50 = 17 nM) and selectivity against a large panel of other kinases. Apitolisib is in phase II trials by Genentech for the treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrium cancer, kidney cancer. However, no recent development has been reported. It is also in phase I trials by Genentech for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Voxtalisib (SAR245409, XL765) is an orally available inhibitor of PI3K and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which are frequently activated in human tumors and play central roles in tumor cell proliferation. Exelixis discovered Voxtalisib internally and out-licensed the compound to Sanofi. Voxtalisib is being evaluated by Sanofi as a single agent and in multiple combination regimens in a variety of cancer indications. Clinical trials have included a single agent phase 2 trial in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, combination phase 1b/2 trials with temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma, with letrozole in hormone receptor positive breast cancer, with bendamustine and/or rituximab in lymphoma or leukemia, and a phase 1 trial in combination with a MEK inhibitor. Voxtalisib is a highly selective, potent and reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor of pan-Class I PI3K (α, β, γ, and δ) and mTORC1/mTORC2. It is orally active, highly selective over 130 other protein kinases. In cellular assays, XL765 inhibits the formation of PIP3 in the membrane, and inhibits phosphorylation of AKT, p70S6K, and S6 phosphorylation in multiple tumor cell lines with different genetic alterations affecting the PI3K pathway.

GDC-0349 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. GDC-0349 demonstrates pathway modulation and dose-dependent efficacy in mouse xenograft cancer models.

PF-04691502 is a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor. It was tested in phase 2 clinical trials against endometrial cancer and breast cancer, but its development was discontinued due to unacceptable toxicity.

AstraZeneca was developing AZD-8055, an orally active mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, for the treatment of advanced solid tumours. AZD-8055 is an ATP-competitive mTORC1/2 inhibitor that exhibits immunosuppressive and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. AZD-8055 promotes antibody class switching in B cells at low doses and decreases B cell proliferation and differentiation at high doses. In vivo, this compound suppresses CC4 and CD8 T cell proliferation, increasing survival among MHC-mismatched heart transplant recipients. In vitro, AZD-8055 decreases viability of brain tumor cells; in vivo, it inhibits tumor growth. AZD-8055 had been in phase I trials by AstraZeneca for the treatment of malignant gliomas and solid tumours. However, this research has been discontinued.

Dactolisib is a dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) and the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by binding to the ATP-binding cleft of these enzymes (inhibitor of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade). It is being investigated as a possible anti-cancer cancer agent and drug against Influenza virus infections. Frequently reported adverse events included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue/asthenia, anaemia, and anorexia.

Torin 1 is a highly potent and selective ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor discovered as a potential anticancer drug. It directly inhibits two functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that coordinately promote cell growth, proliferation, and survival and impairs cell growth and proliferation to a far greater degree than rapamycin. Torin 1 is a picomolar inhibitor of mTORC1 enzymatic activity and single digit nanomolar inhibitor of cellular mTOR activity and has more than 800-fold selectivity between mTOR and PI3K. The pharmacokinetic properties of torin 1 were both in vitro and in vivo. It exhibited a short in vivo half-life and low oral bioavailability but displayed pharmacodynamic inhibition of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 outputs in lung and liver. Torin 1 dosed once a day at 20 mg/kg for 10 days demonstrated efficacy in a U87MG glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. Torin1 also caused lipin 1 nuclear translocation suggesting that lipin 1 cytoplasmic-nuclear relocalization responds to mTORC1 and not mTORC2 status. Torin 1 completely inhibited S106 lipin 1 phosphorylation and impaired S237 and S472 lipin 1 phosphorylation at prolonged exposure. Inhibition of mTORC1 in the liver significantly impairs SREBP function and makes mice resistant, in a lipin 1-dependent fashion, to the hepatic steatosis and hypercholesterolemia induced by a high fat and cholesterol diet. However, if potent mTORC1 inhibiting could be useful as potential treatments for metabolic syndrome has to be elucidated yet.

COMPOUND401 is the reversible and selective inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (IC50 values are 0.28 and 5.3 μM respectively). COMPOUND401 exhibits much reduced or no activity against 43 other commonly studied kinases, including PI 3-K, ATM, and ATR. Compound401 has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit FRAP-dependent growth in TSC1-/- murine embryo fibroblasts.

PP121 is a multitargeted dual receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor. PP121 blocks the proliferation of tumor cells by direct inhibition of oncogenic tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases. PP-121 is a multi-targeted inhibitor of PDGFR, Hck, mTOR, VEGFR2, Src and Abl with IC50 of 2 nM, 8 nM, 10 nM, 12 nM, 14 nM and 18 nM, also inhibits DNA-PK with IC50 of 60 nM. PP121 blocks the proliferation of tumor cells by direct inhibition of oncogenic tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases.