Furosemide, a sulfonamide-type loop diuretic structurally related to bumetanide, is used to manage hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is achieved through competitive inhibition at the chloride binding site on the cotransporter, thus preventing the transport of sodium from the lumen of the loop of Henle into the basolateral interstitium. Consequently, the lumen becomes more hypertonic while the interstitium becomes less hypertonic, which in turn diminishes the osmotic gradient for water reabsorption throughout the nephron. Because the thick ascending limb is responsible for 25% of sodium reabsorption in the nephron, furosemide is a very potent diuretic. Furosemide is sold under the brand name Lasix among others.

Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside similar to digitoxin, is used to treat congestive heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias due to reentry mechanisms, and to control ventricular rate in the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation. Digoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium. The sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) in turn tries to extrude the sodium and in so doing, pumps in more calcium. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also acts on the electrical activity of the heart, increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization, shortening the action potential duration, and decreasing the maximal diastolic potential.

RRX-001, also known as ABDNAZ, is a dinitroazetidine derivative with potential radiosensitizing activity. Upon administration, RRx-001 is able to dilate blood vessels, thereby increasing tumor blood flow and thus improving oxygenation to the tumor site. By increasing oxygen levels, these tumor cells may be more susceptible to radiation therapy. Tumor hypoxia is correlated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy. In mouse models, RRx-001 administered intravenously as a single agent was equipotent to cisplatin while better tolerated. RRx-001 also showed activity as a radiosensitizer in both in vitro and in vivo models. The activity of RRx-001 is thought to be associated with a nucleophilic substitution by circulating thiol compounds and covalent binding of RRx-001 to cysteinyl residues in Hb, followed by the generation of nitrogen oxides. During 2014-2015 EpicentRx has launched Phase 2 trials in brain, colorectal, non-small cell lung, small cell lung and cholangiocarcinoma both alone and in combination. The anti-proliferative effects of RRx-001 are not explainable via a single mechanism. RRx-001 exerts its anti-proliferative effect, at least partially, through interference with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, responsible for maintaining adequate levels of the major cellular reductant, NADPH.

16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone (HE2000) is a synthetic steroid that limits non-productive inflammation, enhances protective immunity and improves survival in clinical studies of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis infections. HE 2000 had also shown activity in vitro against cytomegalovirus, polio, hepatitis B and C and influenza virus. 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and cell proliferation. HE 2000 was in phase II development for the Hepatitis B in Malaysia and Singapore, but it was suspended.

Alpha-Terthienyl is a pigment in African marigolds (Tagetes spp.) and exhibits antifungal, insecticidal, and nematicidal properties related to its ability to sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen. Terthiophene is the compound responsible for the insecticidal activity of Tagetes minuta. Alpha-Terthienyl is also used as building block in the production of organic semiconductors.

The 17-ketosteroid epiandrosterone is a metabolite of testosterone precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Epiandrosterone have been considered to be merely inactive end product of DHEA, but may in fact be physiological effectors in their own right. It is formed in peripheral tissues, from which it is released into the circulation and is ultimately excreted in the urine. Epiandrosterone is only a weak androgen, but it is widely recognized to inhibit the pentose phosphate pathway and to decrease intracellular NADPH levels. Epiandrosterone may act as a L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. Epiandrosterone mainly transformed into 17beta-hydroxylated derivatives, 7- or 16alpha-hydroxylated metabolites under NAD(P)H conditions, and 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione under NAD(P)+ conditions. Epiandrosterone is used as an anabolic agent (dietary supplement, a precursor to dihydrotestosterone) to increase strength, muscle hardness and also improves libido.

Thiocolchicoside is a muscle relaxant that has been authorised by national procedures in several EU Member States for use by mouth or injection into the muscles in the treatment of painful muscular disorders. Thiocolchicoside is marketed under the brand name Muscoril among others. Thiocolchicoside (TCC) is used clinically for its muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, and it has been shown to interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors (GABAARs) and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in the rat central nervous system.

Furosemide, a sulfonamide-type loop diuretic structurally related to bumetanide, is used to manage hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is achieved through competitive inhibition at the chloride binding site on the cotransporter, thus preventing the transport of sodium from the lumen of the loop of Henle into the basolateral interstitium. Consequently, the lumen becomes more hypertonic while the interstitium becomes less hypertonic, which in turn diminishes the osmotic gradient for water reabsorption throughout the nephron. Because the thick ascending limb is responsible for 25% of sodium reabsorption in the nephron, furosemide is a very potent diuretic. Furosemide is sold under the brand name Lasix among others.

Furosemide, a sulfonamide-type loop diuretic structurally related to bumetanide, is used to manage hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is achieved through competitive inhibition at the chloride binding site on the cotransporter, thus preventing the transport of sodium from the lumen of the loop of Henle into the basolateral interstitium. Consequently, the lumen becomes more hypertonic while the interstitium becomes less hypertonic, which in turn diminishes the osmotic gradient for water reabsorption throughout the nephron. Because the thick ascending limb is responsible for 25% of sodium reabsorption in the nephron, furosemide is a very potent diuretic. Furosemide is sold under the brand name Lasix among others.

Furosemide, a sulfonamide-type loop diuretic structurally related to bumetanide, is used to manage hypertension and edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is achieved through competitive inhibition at the chloride binding site on the cotransporter, thus preventing the transport of sodium from the lumen of the loop of Henle into the basolateral interstitium. Consequently, the lumen becomes more hypertonic while the interstitium becomes less hypertonic, which in turn diminishes the osmotic gradient for water reabsorption throughout the nephron. Because the thick ascending limb is responsible for 25% of sodium reabsorption in the nephron, furosemide is a very potent diuretic. Furosemide is sold under the brand name Lasix among others.