Teupolioside (known also as Lamiuside “A”) is a secondary metabolite produced by the Ajuga reptans plant for defensive purposes against environmental agents such as UV radiation. Teupolioside has shown a wide range of activities and it generally acts as an intinflammatory molecule. Moreover, Teupolioside is able to modulate testosterone-related disorders, like juvenile acne, and for the prevention of hair loss in androgenic alopecia. Specific in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Teupolioside has beneficial effects also on other pathologic conditions such as: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Crohn’s syndrome and other gastro-intestinal diseases, Microvasculature diseases. Teupolioside exerts beneficial effects on a rodent model of colitis. Treatment with teupolioside significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhoea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration in the disruption of the colonic architecture and a significant reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels. Teupolioside also reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines release, the appearance of nitrotyrosine and PARP immunoreactivity in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-selectin. Therefore, teupolioside also reduced proMMP-9 and -2 activity induced in the colon by DNBS administration. Teupolioside-containing extracts significantly accelerated wound healing and possessed remarkable anti-inflammatory action in the excision wound model.

Anethole is a flavoring agent in foods and beverages; in perfumery, particularly for soap and dentifrices. The more abundant isomer, and the one preferred for use, is the trans- or E isomer. It is distinctly sweet, measuring 13 times sweeter than sugar. Anethole has potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Anethole also has nematicidal activity and is a promising insecticide. Several essential oils consisting mostly of anethole have insecticidal action. Anethole has estrogenic activity. It is slightly toxic and may act as an irritant in large quantities.

Dipyrocetyl (2,3-diacetyloxybenzoic acid) is a drug used as an analgesics and antipyretics. Besides, was shown, that it may be useful in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Dipyrocetyl possesses the anticoagulation properties, which may contribute directly to improve tissue integrity as well as indirectly by the prevention of activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, was made a suggestion, that the drug may function as an MMP inhibitor.

Anethole is a flavoring agent in foods and beverages; in perfumery, particularly for soap and dentifrices. The more abundant isomer, and the one preferred for use, is the trans- or E isomer. It is distinctly sweet, measuring 13 times sweeter than sugar. Anethole has potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Anethole also has nematicidal activity and is a promising insecticide. Several essential oils consisting mostly of anethole have insecticidal action. Anethole has estrogenic activity. It is slightly toxic and may act as an irritant in large quantities.