Equilin is one of the active components of estrogens used in estrogen replacement therapy. This compound is used as a sulfate conjugate in drug Premarin. Equili is an inhibitor of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1), a key enzyme responsible for elevated levels of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in breast tumor tissues. Thus equilin reduce the E2 levels in breast tissues and hence the reduce risk of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Barasertib (AZD1152) is a dihydrogen phosphate prodrug of a pyrazoloquinazoline Aurora kinase inhibitor [AZD1152–hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide (HQPA)] and is converted rapidly to the active AZD1152-HQPA in plasma. AstraZeneca was developing the aurora kinase inhibitor, barasertib (AZD 1152) as a therapeutic for cancer. AZD1152-HQPA is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora B (Ki, 0.36nmol/L) compared with Aurora A (Ki, 1,369nmol/L) and has a high specificity versus a panel of 50 other kinases. Consistent with inhibition of Aurora B kinase, addition of AZD1152-HQPA to tumour cells in vitro induces chromosome misalignment, prevents cell division, and consequently reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis. Barasertib (AZD1152) potently inhibited the growth of human colon, lung, and haematologic tumour xenografts (mean tumour growth inhibition range, 55% to ≥100%; P < 0.05) in immunodeficient mice. Detailed pharmacodynamic analysis in colorectal SW620 tumour-bearing athymic rats treated i.v. with Barasertib (AZD1152) revealed a temporal sequence of phenotypic events in tumours: transient suppression of histone H3 phosphorylation followed by accumulation of 4N DNA in cells (2.4-fold higher compared with controls) and then an increased proportion of polyploid cells (>4N DNA, 2.3-fold higher compared with controls). Histologic analysis showed aberrant cell division that was concurrent with an increase in apoptosis in AZD1152-treated tumours. Bone marrow analyses revealed transient myelosuppression with the drug that was fully reversible following cessation of Barasertib (AZD1152) treatment. Barasertib (AZD1152) was in phase III for the treatment of Acute myeloid leukaemia, but later these studies were discontinued.

Vinrosidine (leurosidine) is a leurosine-like alkaloid originally isolated from Vinca rosea Linn. Vinrosidine exerts antitumor activity in animal models.

JNJ-872 is an inhibitor of influenza virus replication that offers a potential for the treatment of pandemic and seasonal influenza.

Indimitecan, also known as LMP776, is a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor. A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It blocks certain enzymes that break and rejoin DNA strands. These enzymes are needed for cells to divide and grow. Blocking them may cause cancer cells to die. Indimitecan (LMP776) also helps anticancer drugs kill cancers that are resistant to some other drugs. LMP776 is a type of indenoisoquinoline and a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. In vitro, LMP776 induces TOP 1 cleavage at unique genomic positions and causes cell cycle arrest in both S and G (2)-M phases. Protein linked DNA breaks were observed in cells treated with nanomolar concentrations of LMP776.

RO4929097 (R-4733) is a small-molecule inhibitor of gamma-secretase (γ-secretase) with high oral bioavailability leading to the blockade of Notch signaling in tumor cells. This compound was co-developed by Roche and National Cancer Institute (NCI). RO4929097 had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of melanoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. However, these researches has been discontinued. Combination of RO4929097 and bevacizumab was well tolerated in phase I of clinical trial and can be considered in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

TAK-285 is a novel low-molecular weight compound that was designed, synthesized by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Osaka, Japan, and has been shown to selectively and potently inhibit HER2 and EGFR kinase activities. Biochemically, TAK-285 inhibits HER2 and EGFR phosphorylation, with 50% inhibition concentrations of 17 and 23 nmol –1, respectively. This drug was in the phase I of clinical trial for the treatment of solid rumors and cancer but was discontinued due to strategic reasons. In addition was investigated that TAK-285 is not Pgp substrates, which is why it may be useful in the development of agents with the potential to treat brain metastases.

Fosfosal (2-phosphonoxybenzoic acid) is a O-phosphorylated derivative of salicylic acid used in analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Fosfosal showed analgesic effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the hot plate tests in mice, and showed antiinflammatory effect in the xylene induced mice ears swelling and in acetic acid induced increased vascular permeability tests in mice. Both the effects had no significant differences between fosfosal and aspirin, but the former had less stomach irritation.

Duometacin is indomethacin derivative. It was developed as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Brofezil (ICI 54594) is an ibuprofen derivative with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.