Farglitazar is a non-thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer and agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. GlaxoSmithKline was developing farglitazar for the treatment of liver fibrosis and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dextofisopam, a non-serotonergic agent currently being evaluated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is the R-enantiomer of racemic tofisopam, a molecule marketed and used safely outside the United States for over three decades for multiple indications including IBS. Dextofisopam represents a novel, first-in-class opportunity with a positive proof-of-concept study in an arena where there are few compounds with unique approaches or positive efficacy results. By structure, Dextofisopam is a member of the homophthalazine class; Dextofisopam binds to specific receptors in areas of the brain affecting autonomic function, including gastrointestinal (GI) function. Unlike the two 5-HT3 or 5-HT4 mediated IBS therapies currently available, both with significant safety concerns, Dextofisopam novel non-serotonergic activity offers a unique and innovative approach to IBS treatment. Recent studies have indicated that dextofisopam binds to a novel binding site within the central nervous system that may be responsible for mediating its actions. This receptor has been characterized as the 2,3-benzodiazepine receptor, which is distinct from the classical 1,4 or 1,5-benzodiazepine receptor. Dextofisopam has no significant binding at other receptors or ion channels

Ciglitazone, 5-[4-(1-methylcyclohexylmethoxy) benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione, is a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidenedione derivative. Ciglitazone binds to the PPAR gamma receptor and possesses agonist activity. This drug was in clinical trials in Japan for the treatment Diabetes mellitus, but that study has been discontinued. Ciglitazone was able to decrease the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in an in vitro human granulosa cell model. That result together with the pivotal role of VEGF in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome suggests that ciglitazone may have a high potential as a therapeutic agent.

AE-37 (ANAVEX2-73, Tetrahydro-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenyl-3-furanemethanamine) is an orally available drug candidate developed to potentially modify Alzheimer’s disease rather than temporarily address its symptoms. It has a clean Phase 1 data profile and shows a reversal of memory loss (anti-amnesic properties) and neuroprotection in several models of Alzheimer’s disease. This drug is in Phase II trials for Alzheimer's disease, phase I trials for epilepsy, and in preclinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Rett syndrome, stroke. AE-37 may function as a pro-drug for ANAVEX19-144 and acts as a muscarinic receptor and a moderate sigma1 receptor agonist.

Sumanirole is a novel dopamine agonist with high affinity and efficacy at D2 dopamine receptors and has a substantial degree of selectivity for the D2 receptor over other dopamine receptor subtypes. It had been in clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome but these studies were terminated for the efficacy reason.

Nylestriol is a synthetic estrogen which is marketed in China under the brand name Wei Ni An. Nylestriol can be used as an effective and acceptable estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women. It was found to be effective, safe and convenient in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Totrombopag is an orally bioavailable, nonpeptide, small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist. It induces proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes and progenitor cells, ultimately increasing the production of platelets. Totrombopag has been investigated in healthy volunteers in a phase 1, single-blind, randomized fashion to cause a dosedependent increase in platelet count with demonstrated safety. There were no serious adverse events, no significant changes in laboratory or cardiovascular safety parameters and there was no observed relationship between the incidence or severity of adverse events and dose. Most adverse events were mild in intensity and self-limiting. Totrombopag was developed for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Carmoterol is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist with a rapid onset of action and potent bronchodilating activity. Carmoterol has a similar onset of action compared to salbutamol and formoterol, and a faster onset of action compared to salmeterol. Furthermore, the duration of tracheal smooth muscle relaxation is longer for carmoterol compared to both formoterol and salmeterol. In asthmatic patients, the PK of carmoterol is proportional to the dose, and nonlinear accumulation of the drug after repeated dosing treatments is negligible. In patients with persistent asthma carmoterol 2 µg administered once daily is as effective as formoterol 12 µg twice daily. Safety and tolerability results are similar between carmoterol and formoterol. There were no significant changes in ECG results, blood pressure or serum potassium or glucose levels

Ibutamoren (L-163,191 MK-0677) is a spiropiperidine agonist of the ghrelin receptor and a growth hormone secretagogue. Ibutamoren mimics the actions of growth hormone releasing peptide-6 to increase serum levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Orally active Ibutamoren was being developed by Merck & Co. for a variety of indications, including fibromyalgia, muscle wasting/weakness in patients with chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease and fractures.However, there has been no recent development reported or development has been discontinued for these indications.