Equimolar mixture of the BMTd's 2,3-cis/exo-pinanediol (Pinanediol) and 2,3-cis/exo-camphanediol stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in epithelial cells of the skin, specifically normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and normal human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Pinanediol is an effective inducer of melanogenesis. It induces differentiation of S91 melanoma and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells by a cyclic guanosine-monophosphate-dependent pathway.

Saikosaponin A is a triterpene saponin found in Bupleurum that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuromodulatory, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities. Saikosaponin A decreases production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 and increases mechanical withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal thresholds in animal models of chronic constructive injury. Saikosaponin A also decreases self-administration of cocaine and morphine. In colon carcinoma cells, saikosaponin A causes activation of caspases 2, 3, 8, and 9 and PARP, induces apoptosis, and decreases expression of Bcl-2 and XIAP. Additionally, this compound inhibits the proliferation and activation of ConA-treated T cells, inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreasing expression of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ.

Tetrahydropyranyloxy Phenol (Deoxyarbutin) is a skin lightening agent synthesized through removal of hydroxyl groups from the glucose side-chain of beta-arbutin. Deoxyarbutin demonstrated effective inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro with a Ki that is 10-fold lower that hydroquinone (HQ) and 350-fold lower than arbutin. Topical application of Deoxyarbutin on human xenografts resulted in a gradual and visually apparent skin lightening effect during an eight-week period. In a clinical trial, Deoxyarbutin facilitated fading of pre-tanned skin to a statistically significant greater extent than either HQ or no treatment. However, the overall conclusion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety is that the use of deoxyarbutin up to 3% in face creams is not safe. Deoxyarbutin could combat melanoma in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumour via a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway.

(R)-Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen produced from the metabolism of the isoflavonoid phytoestrogen daidzein. R-(+)equol binds dihydrotestosterone and inhibit the in vivo stimulatory effect of this potent androgen on prostate growth. R-(+)equol was found in the model of the growth of mammary tumors induced by the chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to be a potently chemopreventive. R-(+)-equol can induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells through the intrinsic pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

Lignoceric Acid (tetracosanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid with a 24-carbon backbone, that occurs naturally in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amount in most natural fats. In mammals, it is found in cerebrosides and is synthesized during brain development. The deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, including lignoceric acid, contributes to certain syndromes, including Zellweger cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome and X chromosome-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Lignoceric acid is also a product of lignin production.

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily biodegradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Its ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:ln9) and erucic acid (22:1n9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression. While studies done on laboratory animals in the early 1970s show that erucic acid appears to have toxic effects on the heart at high enough doses, an association between the consumption of rapeseed oil and increased myocardial lipidosis, or heart disease, has not been established for humans. While there are reports of toxicity from long-term use of Lorenzo's oil (which contains erucic acid and other ingredients), there are no reports of harm to people from dietary consumption of erucic acid. In 2003, Food Standards Australia set a provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for an average adult of about 500 mg/day of erucic acid, extrapolated based on "the level that is associated with increased myocardial lipidosis in nursing pigs."

26-deoxyactein are tetracyclic triterpenoids compound isolated from rhizome of the cimicifuga herbs with a wide range of biological activities including antitumor activity, which is associated with cell cycle arrest and angiogenesis inhibition.

The potential effect of Cimicifugic acid B has being shown in preventing collagen degradation by collagenases or collagenolytic enzymes under pathological conditions, wound healing, or inflammation. Cimicifugic acid B inhibited neutrophil elastase with an IC50 of 11.4 umol/L. Cimicifugic acid B also inhibited HCT116 colon cancer cell growth.