Officinalioside is a new lignan glucoside from Borago officinalis L. Officinalioside showed a moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 41.3 ± 0.25 uM) comparable with that of the standard trolox (16.6 ± 2.2 uM) without any significant cytotoxicity towards human cell line A549 (IC50 > 100 uM).

Cinnamtannin B-1 is a naturally occurring A-type proanthocyanidins, available in a limited number of plants, including C. zeylanicum and L. nobilis, that exhibit a large number of cellular actions mostly derived from its antioxidant activity, including antitumoral activity mediated by a selective pro-apoptotic action in a number of tumoral cell lines associated with a remarkable antiapoptotic activity in normal cells. In addition, cinnamtannin B-1 shows antithrombotic actions through inhibition of platelets' endogenous ROS generation, Ca2 mobilization and subsequently aggregation. This has been reported to be especially relevant in platelets from diabetic patients where cinnamtannin B-1 reverses both platelet hypersensitivity and hyperactivity. Considering the large number of cellular effects of cinnamtannin B-1, this compound might be further investigated for the development of therapeutic strategies based on its use for thrombotic disorders or certain types of cancer. Cinnamtannin B-1 is a potent antioxidant and protective agent against oxidative stress and apoptosis in human platelets. Cinnamtannin B-1 is a Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitor. Cinnamtannin B1 was a potent cancer cell proliferation inhibitor and a good intracellular antioxidant.

Cinobufagin is a bufadienolide compound extracted from the dried venom secreted by the parotid glands of toads and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential antineoplastic activity. Cinobufagin has been shown to have clinical applications in cancer treatment as well as immunomodulatory and analgesic properties. Cinobufagin induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells through inactivation of Notch signaling. Cinobufagin induces autophagy-mediated cell death in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells through the ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Cinobufagin significantly relieved cancer pain in mice and raised their pain threshold, mainly upregulating the expression levels of beta-Endorphin and μ- opioid receptor in the hind paw tumor and adjacent tissue. In combination with gemcitabine-oxaliplatin cinobufagin was used in clinical trial for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic gallbladder carcinoma.

Senegenin (Tenuigenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine to improve memory and intelligence. Senegenin attenuated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion induced cognitive dysfunction via increasing NR2B expression in rat hippocampus. Senegenin displayed antiapoptotic and antioxidative activity in hippocampal neurons due to scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species, regulating Bcl-2 family and suppressing caspase-3 activity. In vitro studies have indicated that senegenin treatment suppresses secretion of amyloid β protein and attenuate its cytotoxicity. Anti-inflammatory effect of senegenin is expressed via inhibition of NF-κB activation and was investigated in preclinical models of pneumonia, osteoarthritis, acute liver injury and other diseases.

The novel compound ICA-069673 was developed by Icagen, Inc. in a screening program to identify subtype-selective KV7 channel activators. It was found, that this compound is a selective KV7.2/KV7.3 (KCNQ2/3) channel opener, which possesses 20-fold selectivity for KV7.2/KV7.3 over KV7.3/KV7.5, with no measurable activity over a panel of cardiac ion channels. ICA-06967 was orally active in animal models and was used for epilepsy.

Pteropodine is a heterohimbine-type oxindole alkaloid specifically isolated from ‘Cat’s claw’ (Uncaria tomentosa), a plant that has shown cytostatic, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties and is used in traditional medicine to cure a number of diseases. Pteropodine positively modulate the function of rat muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocyte but further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism by which Pteropodine positively modulates muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptor functions. Pteropodine reduced the sister-chromatid exchanges and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes production by doxorubicin in mouse, showing a protective effect on the in vivo DNA damage. Pteropodine exhibited a significant pro-apoptotic effect on Medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, anti-proliferative effect of pteropodine was demonstrated on the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells and ovarian carcinoma cells.