Bucillamine [SA96:N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine] is a synthetic SH compound and an antirheumatic agent developed from tiopronin. It is mainly used in Japan and Korea. Activity is mediated by the two thiol groups that the molecule contains. Research done in the USA showed positive transplant preservation properties. Bucillamine has the potential to attenuate or prevent damage during myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and organ transplantation. Bucillamine is a more potent thiol donor than other cysteine derivatives: approximately 16-fold more potent than N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst(R)) in vivo. In addition bucillamine appears to have additional anti-inflammatory effects unrelated to its antioxidant effect. Oral bucillamine is used clinically in Asia for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is a strong preclinical evidence that parenteral infusion of this agent is efficacious in acute settings characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. In Phase I human trials healthy volunteers received bucillamine at doses up to 25 mg/kg/h i.v. for 3 h and elicited no serious toxicity. On the basis of pharmacokinetic analyses of blood levels during these studies, it was concluded that bucillamine infused at i.v. doses > or =10 mg/kg/h for 3 h to humans could be expected to be therapeutically effective in myocardial infarction, organ transplantation and other acute inflammatory syndromes. Bucillamine exhibits potent antioxidant activity similar to those of trolox and ascorbic acid. It reduces the stable free radical diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Bucillamine is a potent antioxidant which exerts its beneficial therapeutic activities in RA patients by metal chelation rather than by scavenging free radical species.

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of Diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The dose is 100 mg twice daily, and should not be given to people with porphyria or breastfeeding mothers and is not recommended for children. Aceclofenac is a cytokine inhibitor. Aceclofenac works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of prostaglandins (chemicals in the body which cause pain, swelling and inflammation). Aceclofenac is the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac. The incidence of gastric ulcerogenicity of aceclofenac has been reported to be significantly lower than that of other frequently prescribed NSAIDs: for instance, 2-fold less than naproxen, 4-fold less than diclofenac, and 7-fold less than indomethacin. Aceclofenac is metabolized in human hepatocytes and human microsomes to form [2-(2',6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino)phenyl] acetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated.

Acipimox (5-methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide) is a new lipolysis inhibitor that has a distant chemical relationship with nicotinic acid (NA). The anti-lipolytic action of acipimox is mediated through suppression of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, with the subsequent decrease in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, leading to the reduced association of hormone-sensitive lipase with triacylglycerol substrate in the lipid droplet of adipocytes. Acipimox has been identified as an agonist at G-protein coupled nicotinic acid HM74A and HM74B receptors. Acipimox (Olbetam) is indicated for the treatment as alternative or adjunct treatment to reduce triglyceride levels in patients who have not responded adequately to other treatments such as statin or fibrate treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) and hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia).

Ornidazole is nitroimidazole derivative. It is an antiprotozoal drug that has proven to be effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entoamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori. The reduction of the nitro group and the generation of short-lived reactive intermediates are the basis of its parasiticidal activity. Ornidazole is a DNA-tropic drug with selective activity against microorganisms with enzyme systems capable of reducing the nitrogroup and catalyze the interaction between ferrodoxin proteins and nitrocompounds. After the drug penetrates the microbial cell, the mechanism of its action is based reducing the nitrogroup under the influence of the microorganism’s nitroreductases and the activity of the reduced nitroimidazole. The reduction products create compounds with DNA causing it to degrade, and disrupt the DNA replication and transcription processes. Furthermore, the drug’s metabolism products have cytotoxic properties and disrupt cellular respiration processes. It is indicated for the treatment of anaerobic systemic infections caused by ornidazole-sensitive microflora, prevention of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, during operative treatment (especially middle and straight intestine surgeries), gynecological surgeries, severe intestinal ameobiasis, all extra-intestinal ameobiasis forms, giardiasis. Ornidazole was shown to be effective for the prevention of recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolonic resection.

Cyproterone acetate is a steroid drug which was developed by Schering A.G (now Bayer). Cyproterone acetate was approved in Canada, Asia, Latin America and Europe for the treatment of sever acne under the name Diane-35 (ethinyl estradiol) and its mechanism of action in this condition is explained by competitive inhibition of androgen receptor AR. In Canada cyproterone acetate is widely used as a contraceptive, however its usage is associated with liver toxicity and clots formation. In the UK the drug is marketed for the treatment of prostate cancer (Cyproterone acetate brand name).

Tenoxicam (Mobiflex), an anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties, is used to treat osteoarthritis and control acute pain. The anti-inflammatory effects of tenoxicam may result from the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase and the subsequent peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. As prostaglandins sensitize pain receptors, their inhibition accounts for the peripheral analgesic effects of tenoxicam. Antipyresis may occur by central action on the hypothalamus, resulting in peripheral dilation, increased cutaneous blood flow, and subsequent heat loss. Taking tenoxicam with other drugs can increase the chance of side effects or alter the therapeutic effect of tenoxicam or the other drug, depending on the combination. Drug types the tenoxicam may interact with include: other analgesic NSAIDs, salicylates such as aspirin, antacids, anticoagulants, cardiac glycosides, ciclosporin, quinolone antibiotics, lithium therapy, diuretics and anti-hypertensives, methotrexate, oral anti-diabetics, cholestyramine, dextromethorphan, mifepristone, corticosteroids, anti-platelet agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tacrolimus, zidovudine, and gold/penicillamine. Tenoxicam is available as a prescription-only drug in the United Kingdom and other countries, but not in the US. Outside of the United Kingdom, tenoxicam is also marketed under brand names including Tilatil, Tilcitin, and Alganex. Tenoxicam belongs to the class of NSAIDs known as oxicams. It is used to relieve inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (a type of arthritis involving the spine), tendinitis (inflammation of a tendon), bursitis (inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac located around joints and near the bones), and peri-arthritis of the shoulders or hips (inflammation of tissues surrounding these joints).

Piribedil is an antiparkinsonian agent which acts as D2 and D3 receptor agonist. In European countries and worldwide it is used as a monotherapy or in combination with dopatherapy for treatment of Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment and obliterating arteriopathy.

Norgestimate is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group that is used in combination with ethinylestradiol as an oral contraceptive and for treatment of acne. and in combination with estradiol in menopausal hormone replacement therapy. Norgestimate shows high selectivity for the progesterone receptor and low androgenic activity.

Ibrexafungerp (BREXAFEMME®) is an orally active triterpenoid antifungal drug being developed by SCYNEXIS, Inc. for the treatment of fungal infections. The inhibition of β-1,3-D glucan synthetase by ibrexafungerp compromises the integrity of fungal cell walls. Ibrexafungerp has been recently approved for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and it is the first novel antifungal drug class to be approved in more than 20 years. Food and Drug Administration's decision was based on positive results from two pivotal phase III studies in which oral ibrexafungerp proved both safe and effective in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Development for the treatment of recurrent VVC and invasive fungal infections is ongoing.

Cabotegravir is an investigational drug that is being studied for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Cabotegravir belongs to a class (group) of HIV drugs called integrase inhibitors. Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking integrase, integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body. Cabotegravir does not require boosting with an additional drug. Two forms of cabotegravir are being studied: tablets that are taken by mouth (known as oral cabotegravir or oral CAB) and a long-acting injectable form that is injected into the muscle (known as cabotegravir LA or CAB LA; LA stands for "long-acting"). (A long-acting drug formulation works over a long period of time. Using this type of drug might mean that the drug could be taken less often, making a treatment or prevention regimen simpler to take.) Cabotegravir is in Phase-III clinical trials for HIV infections.