Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Stavudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. Stavudine inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA. Stavudine is used for the treatment of human immunovirus (HIV) infections. Stavudine is sold under the brand name Zerit among others.

Levalmodipine (S-amlodipine) is an active enantiomer of amlodipine, a calcium antagonist that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Experimental data suggest that S-amlodipine binds to both dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine binding sites. The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ions into these cells through specific ion channels. S-Amlodipine inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes selectively, with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Enantiomerically pure S-amlodipine is marketed in some countries worldwide, while racemate, containing active S-enantiomer an inactive R-enantiomer is marketed in the USA and indicated for the treatment of hypertension and coronary artery disease.

Bepridil is a calcium channel blocker that has well characterized anti-anginal properties and known but poorly characterized type 1 anti-arrhythmic and anti-hypertensive properties. It has inhibitory effects on both the slow calcium and fast sodium inward currents in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle, interferes with calcium binding to calmodulin, and blocks both voltage and receptor operated calcium channels. It is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), sustained atrial fibrillation and tachyarrhythmia. The most common side effects were upper gastrointestinal complaints (nausea, dyspepsia or GI distress), diarrhea, dizziness, asthenia and nervousness. Certain drugs could increase the likelihood of potentially serious adverse effects with bepridil hydrochloride. In general, these are drugs that have one or more pharmacologic activities similar to bepridil hydrochloride, including anti-arrhythmic agents such as quinidine and procainamide, cardiac glycosides and tricyclic anti-depressants. Anti-arrhythmics and tricyclic anti-depressants could exaggerate the prolongation of the QT interval observed with bepridil hydrochloride. Cardiac glycosides could exaggerate the depression of AV nodal conduction observed with bepridil hydrochloride.

Methylparaben (E number E218) is preservative in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. It is completely absorbed through the skin or after ingestion and and it is hydrolyzed to para-hydroxybenzoic acid, and metabolites are rapidly excreted in the urine. Methylparaben is on the FDA generally regarded as safe list.

Norfloxacin is an antibacterial agent, It inhibits inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase enzyme. Norfloxacin was approved in 1986 for treatment of urinary tract infections, gynecological infections, prostatitis, gonorhhea and bladder infections. In ophtalmology, norfloxacin is used for treatment of conjunctivitus.

Nabilone is a synthetic cannabinoid approved under the brand name cesamet for treatment of severe nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Nabilone is an orally active which, like other cannabinoids, has complex effects on the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that the antiemetic effect of nabilone is caused by interaction with the cannabinoid receptor system, i.e. the CB (1) receptor, which has been discovered in neural tissues.

Probucol is used to lower levels of cholesterol (a fat-like substance) in the blood. Probucol is a drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. This may help prevent medical problems caused by cholesterol clogging the blood vessels. Probucol was voluntarily removed from the market in the United States during 1995. The withdrawal from the market was due to safety concern. robucol lowers serum cholesterol by increasing the fractional rate of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism in the final metabolic pathway for cholesterol elimination from the body. Additionally, probucol may inhibit early stages of cholesterol biosynthesis and slightly inhibit dietary cholesterol absorption. Recent information suggests that probucol may inhibit the oxidation and tissue deposition of LDL cholesterol, thereby inhibiting atherogenesis. It appears to inhibits ABCA1-mediated cellular lipid efflux.

Ethylestrenol (INN, USAN, BAN) (brand names Maxibolin, Orabolin), or ethylnandrol (JAN), also known as 17α-ethyl ester-4-en-17β-ol or as 3-deketo-17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) with some progestogenic activity, and low androgenic activity. It is a 17α-ethylated derivative of nandrolone and lacks the 3-keto group. It was described in the literature in 1959 and approved in 1964 for testosterone deficiency in male patients.

Sulfaphenazole is an oral antibiotic, which was used for the treatment of bacterial infections under the name Sulfabid. The drug was found to block folate synthesis in bacterias by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. Sulfaphenazole is also known to inhibit CYP2C9 with high potency and specificity. Sulfabid is no longer marketed in the USA.