Isorhamnetin, a flavonol aglycone, isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine H. rhamnoides L., was frequently used in traditional medicine to prevent and treat diverse diseases. Isorhamnetin has been shown to play a variety of roles in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-viral, and neurodegenerative injury protection. Isorhamnetin could inhibit the H2O2-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by scavenging free ROS and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inactivation. In the type 2 diabetic rat model, isorhamnetin was found to be able to inhibit the NF-κB signaling activity, attenuate oxidative stress, and decrease the production of inflammatory mediators. Isorhamnetin can suppress skin cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and atherosclerosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT activation. Isorhamnetin shows inhibitory activity toward CYP1B1 expression and function.

Myricitrin is a naturally occurring polyphenol hydroxy flavonoid. Myricitrin has a variety of beneficial properties, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, and anticarcinogenic activities. In particular, myricitrin possesses stronger oxidative resistance and free radical scavenging activity than other flavonol rhamnosides or quercetin. Myricitrin showed antipsychotic-like effects in animal models at doses that did not induce catalepsy or alter locomotor activity, suggesting that myricitrin may be a potential drug treatment for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.