Alaproclate is a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. Alaproclate enantiomers block potassium and NMDA receptor currents in a stereoselective manner. Alaproclate was practically devoid of action on a number of receptors as examined in binding studies in vitro: 5-HT, histamine-H1, alpha 1, -alpha 2-adrenergic and dopamine D2 receptors. Alaproclate was investigated in trials for the treatment of depression and dementia.

Betaxolol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist. Betaxolol is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, glaucoma, and is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure. (R)-Betaxolol (Dextrobetaxolol) is the R-isomer of Betaxolol (B328000), a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker. It is also an antihypertensive and antiglaucoma agent. Dextrobetaxolol had a much weaker affinity at both b1 and b2 receptors than levobetaxolol. Levobetaxolol (Kb=6 nM at b1 and Kb=39 nM at b2 receptors) more potently inhibited functional activities in cells expressing human recombinant b1 and b2 receptors than dextrobetaxolol (Kb=350 and 278 nM, respectively). Likewise, levobetaxolol was a more potent antagonist in isolated tissues than dextrobetaxolol. In functional assays in cultured human NPE cells levobetaxolol (Ki =16.4 nM) was a potent antagonist of isoproterenol-induced cAMP production with dextrobetaxolol (Ki =2.9 uM) being considerably weaker than the latter antagonist. In ocular hypertensive cynomolgus monkeys, levobetaxolol was more effective at reducing IOP than dextrobetaxolol. The results of the study of the pharmacokinetic behavior of the R and S enantiomers of betaxolol following iv and oral administration of the racemate to healthy male subjects failed to reveal any important difference between the pharmacokinetics of the R and S enantiomer of betaxolol. Thus, the pharmacokinetic behavior of racemic betaxolol accurately reflects the behavior of betaxolol enantiomers in this subject group.

Cathine, known as D-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of amphetamine class, found naturally in Catha edulis (khat). It is a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, and has thermogenic and anorectic effect. In the United States, cathine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance. Cathine hydrochloride is used as an appetite suppressant during the first few weeks of dieting to help establish new eating habits.

Cathine, known as D-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of amphetamine class, found naturally in Catha edulis (khat). It is a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, and has thermogenic and anorectic effect. In the United States, cathine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance. Cathine hydrochloride is used as an appetite suppressant during the first few weeks of dieting to help establish new eating habits.

Pazufloxacin is a fused tricyclic quinolone derivative that has a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. Pazufloxacin inhibits bot DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and has shown in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Citrobacter, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas and Yersinia. The drug is used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as abdominal infections, genital infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, etc.

Apramycin is a broad-spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces tenebrarius. It has a bactericidal action against many gram-negative bacteria. Apramycin is a structurally unique antibiotic that contains a bicyclic sugar moiety and a monosubstituted deoxystreptamine. It is not approved for use in humans. Apramycin is registered for use in more than twenty countries in cattle, pigs and chickens. The drug exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting protein synthesis at the level of peptidyl translocation. It is mostly used for treating gastrointestinal infections. Apramycin is available in soluble powder and feed premix formulations.

Bivalirudin is a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide rationally designed based on structural studies of hirudin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant. Bivalirudin is sold under the brand name Angiomax and is indicated for use as an anticoagulant in patients with unstable angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). It is intended for use with aspirin and has been studied only in patients receiving concomitant aspirin. Bivalirudin directly inhibits thrombin by binding simultaneously to its active catalytic site and its substrate recognition site.