Flucloronide is a glucocorticoid. Fluclorolone acetonide is used for the palliative treatment of psoriasis and skin diseases.

Mabuterol is a long acting βeta 2-adrenergic agonist which stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity and the closing of calcium channels. Studies indicate that the R enantiomer of mabuterol is more potent than the S enantiomer. In addition, the half-life is longer in the R enantiomer than the S. Studies conducted on rats and dogs show that mabuterol acts as a bronchodilator. At high concentrations mabuterol can also antagonize beta1 adrenoceptors in guinea pigs

Perhexiline, 2-(2,2-dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine, is an anti-anginal drug. Perhexiline reduces fatty acid metabolism through the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Perhexiline is used for reducing the frequency of moderate to severe attacks of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease in patients who have not responded to other conventional therapy or in whom such therapy may be contraindicated. Heart Metabolics Limited is developing perhexiline for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Roquinimex (Linomide, LS 2616) is a quinoline-3-carboxamide with pleiotropic immune modulating capacity and it has therapeutic effects in several experimental animal models of autoimmune diseases. Linomide has been evaluated in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis, and was indeed shown to have disease inhibitory effects. However, due to unexpected side effects recorded in patients treated with Linomide, premature termination of clinical trials was required. The basic mechanism(s) of action of Linomide in inducing beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases is still elusive. Some experimental evidence indicates that Linomide influences the regulation of the cytokine profile, resulting in the inhibition of autoimmune and inflammation pathologies. Roquinimex possesses potential antineoplastic activity. Roquinimex inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and basement membrane invasion; reduces the secretion of the angiogenic factor tumor necrosis factor alpha by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); and inhibits angiogenesis. Roquinimex was in phase III clinical trials with Pharmacia Corporation in Europe and the US for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Perisoxal citrate is a basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug.

Micronomicin is a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic discovered and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. It is produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans. Investigation of micronomicin performed in 134 research facilities in Japan led to the following results. 1) Micronomicin showed a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 2) In susceptibility tests of clinical isolates, micronomicin was almost similarly active to GM. 3) Bactericidal activity of micronomicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was higher than those of TOB and DKB. 4) Micronomicin showed a synergistic antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli with CBPC and SBPC. 5) The therapeutic activity of micronomicin in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia sp. was in high correlation with in vitro antibacterial activity similarly to that of GM. Micronomicin (sold under the brand names Sagamicin and Luxomicina among others) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and like others in its class, binds to the ribosomes of non-resistant cells causing mistranscription of mRNA which fatally inhibits production of essential proteins. Micronomicin sulfate can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, while destroy the bacterial cell wall. Micronomicin has an antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shara, Escherichia coli, etc. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumococcus are sensitive to it, but its activity on anaerobic bacteria and some hemolytic streptococcus is weak.

Ifenprodil (marketed under the brands Vadilex; Dilvax; Creocral; Cerocral) is a selective NMDA receptor (glutamate) antagonist. Additionally, ifenprodil inhibits GIRK channels, and interacts with alpha1 adrenergic, serotonin, and sigma receptors. Ifenprodil acts as a vasodilator. Ifenprodil is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide, but not in US.

Arbekacin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Arbekacin has antibacterial activities against high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococci, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii et al. In a cell-free system, habekacin (arbekacin) interfered with polypeptide synthesis, caused codon misreading, and inhibited translocation of N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA from the acceptor site to the donor site on ribosomes. Arbekacin bound to both 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits. Arbekacin has been approved as an injectable formulation in Japan since 1990, under the trade name Habekacin, for the treatment of patients with pneumonia and sepsis caused by MRSA. Meiji Seika Pharma is developing an inhaled aerosol formulation of arbekacin for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Nobelpharma is developing an intravenous formulation of arbekacin sulfate, known as nonsense readthrough compound or NPC 14, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Cefodizime is a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1 to 4 g of cefodizime daily for an average of 7 to 10 days produces a clinical cure in 80 to 100% of patients (adults, elderly or children) with upper or lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections. In comparative trials cefodizime was as effective as other third generation cephalosporins. A single dose of cefodizime (1 or 2 g) is also useful in treating lower urinary tract infections. Urogenital gonorrhoea, whether caused by beta-lactamase producing or non-beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is very effectively treated by single dose therapy with intramuscular cefodizime. Preliminary data from a small number of patients indicates that cefodizime may also be useful in the treatment of otitis media, sinusitis and gynaecological infections, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of surgical infections. The clinical efficacy of cefodizime compared to other third generation cephalosporins is superior to that predicted from in vitro results. This superior activity of cefodizime may be related to the relatively long elimination half-life of the drug or its ability to modify some functions of the immune system--a potentially important finding awaiting further investigation. Cefodizime is well tolerated and has a tolerability profile similar to other members of its class with systemic adverse events being primarily gastrointestinal or dermatological. Cefodizime may be more convenient to administer than some other agents of its class as it may be given once or twice daily. While there are no trials comparing cefodizime to other third generation cephalosporins in immunosuppressed populations, preliminary information indicates cefodizime may be useful in this group. Cefodizime targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1A/B, 2, and 3 resulting in the eventual death of the bacterial cell. In vivo experimental models of infection showed that bacterial clearance by this drug is at least as effective compared with other 3rd generation cephalosporins. It has a similar adverse effect profile to other 3rd generation cephalosporins which is mainly being limited to gastrointestinal or dermatological side effects. It is not currently approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Demecolcine, also called Colcemid, was isolated from the autumn crocus in 1950 and commercialized by Ciba. Initially, it was explored as a cancer drug due to its low toxicity. Demecolcine depolymerizes microtubules and limits microtubule formation (inactivates spindle fiber formation), thus arresting cells in metaphase and allowing cell harvest and karyotyping to be performed. Today, it is only used as a research tool mainly to overcome limitations of colchicine due to its very slow association and dissociation rate constants. It binds to tubulin at the same site as colchicine, but ~10-fold faster, and it also dissociates faster. Demecolcine main use has been to arrest cells in mitosis for cytogenetic analysis, though to our knowledge it offers no special advantages over other drugs in this application.