Hemin (trade name Panhematin) is a protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron ion (heme B) with a chloride ligand, which is is indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women. Manifestations such as pain, hypertension, tachycardia, abnormal mental status and mild to progressive neurologic signs may be controlled in selected patients with this disorder. the therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.

Pheophorbide A is a product of chlorophyll breakdown in plants. It is an active component of the Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata. Others report on extraction of the drug from sources as varied as spinach leaves and silkworm excreta, and on its confounding appearance in the digestive tracts of animals fed chlorophyll-containing food. Pheophorbide A acts as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photoactivated pheophorbide A induces lipid peroxidation, arrests cell growth by activating apoptosis and/or necrosis. In vitro and animal studies have suggested some efficacy for pheophorbide A-mediated photodynamic therapy of cancers.

Rhodamine B is a fluorescent dye whose quantum yield is strongly dependent on temperature in the range of 0°C to 100°C, making it ideal for liquid based systems. It is a cell-permeant fluorogenic dye most often used as a conjugate to antibodies and proteins for fluorescence detection in microscopy. Rhodamine B is widely used in industrial purposes, such as printing and dyeing in textile, paper, paints, leathers etc. Rhodamine B was tested for use as a biomarker in oral rabies vaccines for raccoons, to identify animals that have eaten a vaccine bait. It has also been used as an anterograde and retrograde tracer in neurons and in nanoparticles to detect apoptosis.

Bergapten, known as 5-methoxypsoralen, a cumarine-derivate compound, presents in many fruits and vegetables. It has shown antitumor effects in a variety of cell types. The key target of bergapten action in breast cancer cells was identified the oncosuppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10); bergapten by inducing PTEN expression, produces autophagy in breast cancer cells. Besides, bergapten is under investigation in clinical trial phase III for patients with severe generalized atopic dermatitis.

Hemin (trade name Panhematin) is a protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron ion (heme B) with a chloride ligand, which is is indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women. Manifestations such as pain, hypertension, tachycardia, abnormal mental status and mild to progressive neurologic signs may be controlled in selected patients with this disorder. the therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.

Hemin (trade name Panhematin) is a protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron ion (heme B) with a chloride ligand, which is is indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women. Manifestations such as pain, hypertension, tachycardia, abnormal mental status and mild to progressive neurologic signs may be controlled in selected patients with this disorder. the therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.

Hemin (trade name Panhematin) is a protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron ion (heme B) with a chloride ligand, which is is indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women. Manifestations such as pain, hypertension, tachycardia, abnormal mental status and mild to progressive neurologic signs may be controlled in selected patients with this disorder. the therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.

Rhodamine B is a fluorescent dye whose quantum yield is strongly dependent on temperature in the range of 0°C to 100°C, making it ideal for liquid based systems. It is a cell-permeant fluorogenic dye most often used as a conjugate to antibodies and proteins for fluorescence detection in microscopy. Rhodamine B is widely used in industrial purposes, such as printing and dyeing in textile, paper, paints, leathers etc. Rhodamine B was tested for use as a biomarker in oral rabies vaccines for raccoons, to identify animals that have eaten a vaccine bait. It has also been used as an anterograde and retrograde tracer in neurons and in nanoparticles to detect apoptosis.