Butylated hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is an organic compound that is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry as an antioxidant. BHT is a substituted derivative of phenol. BHT helps to prevent the formation of free radicals and oxidation. When used in food products, it delays oxidative rancidity of fats and oils, and prevents loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins. It may be found in pharmaceutical gels, creams and liquid or gelatin capsules, tablets and other pharmaceutical dosage forms. The ability of oral BHT to lead to cancer is a controversial topic, but most food industries have replaced it with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). BHT was first used as an antioxidant food additive in 1954. BHT does have other commercial uses, as in animal feeds and in the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastics, where it also acts as an antioxidant. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has deemed that BHT is safe enough when used in limited concentrations. It currently permits its use in concentrations of about 0.01% to 0.02% in most foods. As an emulsion stabilizer in shortening, it may be used in a somewhat higher concentration, 200 parts per million.

Elobixibat is the first in class ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor. IBAT inhibitors block ileal absorption of bile acids by: (1) interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of bile resulting in a fall in serum cholesterol and (2) increasing the delivery of bile acids into the colon. Elobixibat stimulates both motor and secretory functions in the colon. Elobixibat is approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic constipation. Elobixibat has potential benefit in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Evocalcet (MT-4580, KHK7580) is an allosteric calcium-sensing receptor agonist. Evocalcet directly acts on calcium receptors on parathyroid cells to suppress synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and it consequently decreases serum PTH and serum calcium. ORKEDIA® TABLETS (generic name: evocalcet, code name: KHK7580) has been listed on the National Health Insurance (NHI) Drug Price List and launched for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance dialysis in Japan.

Ripasudil (K-115) is a selective Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. This compound, which was originally discovered by D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork, thereby increasing conventional outflow through the Schlemm's canal. As a result of this mechanism of action, ripasudil may offer additive effects in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension when used in combination with agents such as prostaglandin analogues (which increase uveoscleral outflow) and β blockers (which reduce aqueous production). GLANATEC® (Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate) ophthalmic solution 0.4% is launched in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Trelagliptin (SYR-472), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trelagliptin (as the salt Trelagliptin succinate) was approved for use in Japan in March 2015. Takeda, the company that developed Trelagliptin, chose to not get approval for the drug in the USA and EU.

Gentiopicrin is a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside. It is a bioactive component of gentian species of medical plants. It has proved to be the strongest inhibitor of myeloperoxidase. It could be absorbed rapidly in mice, but with a low bioavailability, and could distribute to tissues extensively. Gentiopicrin has been reported to be effective against inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, liver illness, fever, digestive and intestinal disorders. Gentiopicrin treatment can exert anti-inflammatory effects on experimental acute colitis through attenuating the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2, and it may present the therapeutic potential in the treatment of colitis. The drug inhibits reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad by downregulating GluN2B receptors in the amygdala. Gentiopicrin injection was approved by SFDA for the treatment of acute jaundice and chronic active hepatitis.

Luseogliflozin (TS-071), a derivative of a novel scaffold, C-phenyl 1-thio-D-glucitol, exhibited potent sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibition activity. Luseogliflozin exhibits a blood glucose lowering effect, excellent urinary glucose excretion properties, and promising pharmacokinetics profiles in animals. It showed good metabolic stability toward cryo-preserved human hepatic clearance, have acceptable human pharmacokinetics properties. Luseogliflozin [Lusefi(®) (Japan)] was developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug has received its first global approval for this indication in Japan, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihyperglycaemic agents.

Dapivirine, an anti-retroviral (ARV)-based microbicide, is a substituted diaminopyrimidine (DAPY) derivative and a potent non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with antiviral activity against HIV-1. Dapivirine showed high activity against wild-type and mutant HIV in in virto HIV models inhibiting a broad panel of HIV-1 isolates from different classes, including a wide range of NNRTI-resistant isolates. Developed by Janssen Sciences (formerly Tibotec Pharmaceuticals), dapivirine was initially tested as an oral treatment for HIV in a number of Phase I/II clinical trials. In 2014 the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM) began its work on the monthly dapivirine ring. Phase I/II clinical trials in Africa, Europe and the United States proved that dapivirine is safe and well-tolerated. Phase III long-term safety and efficacy studies of the monthly dapivirine ring as part of IPM's Dapivirine Ring Licensure Program confirmed that the monthly dapivirine ring can safely help prevent HIV infection in women. In 2016 the ASPIRE Study reported a 27 percent reduction in HIV-1 acquisition with a trend toward greater protection in women over age 21 and no significant protection for women under age 21.

Oteracil is an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy, used in combination with Gimeracil and Tegafur. Gimeracil/oteracil/tegafur combination is approved for the gastric cancer treatment. Oteracil is an orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) inhibitor that decreases the activity of 5-fluorocil (tegafur is a prodrug of 5-fluorocil) in normal gastrointestinal mucosa.

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a pyrethroid insecticide and veterinary treatment that is approved for use in the EU, Australia and the USA. It has a low aqueous solubility, is semi-volatile and has a low potential to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil and is non-mobile. Deltamethrin is highly toxic to humans and other mammals and is a neurotoxin. It is relatively non-toxic to birds and earthworms although it presents a high risk to most aquatic organisms and honeybees. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the deltamethrin have the potential to induce apoptogenic signaling pathways which plays an important role in the mechanism of anticancer action. Thus, deltamethrin thereof could have the potential to develop as an anticancer agent.