Erythritol is a four carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and has been approved by the United States and EU Food and Drug Administrations for use as a low-calorie sweetener. Erythritol is well tolerated and elicits no toxicological effects. It is rapidly absorbed and quantitatively excreted without metabolic change. Erythritol has been investigated as a food supplement to treat Endothelial Function related to Type II diabetes. It has also been studied for the prevention of gingivitis and carries.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, the principal constituent of refined palm oil, present in the diet and synthesized endogenously. Palmitic acid is able to activate the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40. Palmitic acid was also a weak ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Palmitic acid is a ligand of lipid chaperones - the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Dietary palm oil and palmitic acid may play a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Amprolium Hydrochloride is a broad spectrum, potent coccidiostat (anti-protozoal) used for the treatment and prevention of Coccidiosis in cattle, goats, sheep, and poultry (chicken and turkey) in veterinary. Amprolium probably acts by inhibiting thiamine uptake by parasites and thus creates disorders in the metabolism of parasites.

Linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) is a very fragrant component of various herbs such as lavender, mint, and coriander that can be a potent skin irritant, causing contact dermatitis in some sensitive individuals. Linalool is used as a scent in perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. It can also be used a method of pest control for codling moths. Linalool creates a synergistic effect with the codling moth's pheromone called codlemone, which increases the attraction of males. Linalool can be absorbed by inhalation of its aerosol and by oral intake or skin absorption, potentially causing irritation, pain and allergic reactions.

Triphosphoric acid (also tripolyphosphoric acid), a condensed form of phosphoric acid. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is used as a preservative for poultry, meat, and seafood; it’s added to processed cheeses as an emulsifier and is used in food industry as an E number E451.