NADIDE (NAD+) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. NADIDE was marketed under the brand name Enada. Although Enada (NADH) is marketed as a nutritional supplement, Birkmayer Pharmaceuticals has launched two clinical trials to prove scientifically that Enada is effective. Before these studies could get started they had to also prove to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that the stable oral form of Enada (NADH) is a safe substance. Since the mid-‘80s more than 3,000 parkinsonian patients have received NADH, either as intravenous infusion or in the form of oral tablets. Enada (NADH) is the world‘s first and only stabilized, absorbable, patented, tablet-form NADH dietary supplement. It is now available to everyone whose lifestyle demands increased energy, vitality and mental clarity. In other words, it is beneficial not only for patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer‘s disease, depression or Parkinson‘s disease, but for any normal, healthy individual whose lifestyle demands more energy. NADIDE (NADH) may be considered as a therapeutic adjunct for cancer patients to protect them against the general toxic effects of substances such as doxorubicin or cisplatin by stimulating the DNA repair system and by promoting normal cellular biosynthetic responses after chemotherapy. NADH seems to exhibit a chemo preventive effect.

Ethyl oleate is a fatty acid ester used as a solvent for pharmaceutical drug preparations involving lipophilic substances such as steroids. In vivo studies have demonstrated that Ethyl oleate and other fatty acid esters are also rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and free fatty acid. Ethyl oleate is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) that is formed in the body after ingestion of ethanol. There is a growing body of research literature that implicates FAEEs such as ethyl oleate as the toxic mediators of ethanol in the body (pancreas, liver, heart, and brain). Among the speculations is that ethyl oleate may be the toxic mediator of alcohol in fetal alcohol syndrome. The oral ingestion of ethyl oleate has been carefully studied and due to rapid degradation in the digestive tract, it appears safe for oral ingestion. Ethyl oleate is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for any injectable use. However, it is used by compounding pharmacies as a vehicle for intramuscular drug delivery, in some cases to prepare the daily doses of progesterone in support of pregnancy. Studies which document the safe use of ethyl oleate in pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus have never been performed.

Zinc Laurate is a white powder with a slightly waxy odor. It is used as a dry binder in the personal care and cosmetics industry. The strong cohesive properties of dry binders make them easier to disperse allowing the formulator to decrease the amount of lipids. They are also hydrophobic, and simplify the pressing of powders. STRUKTOL Zinc Laurate is used as an activator for thiazoles, thiurams and dithicarbomates by supplying fatty acid and soluble zinc. STRUKTOL Zinc Laurate produces better physical properties with low natural blends. Acting as a plasticizer in natural rubber, STRUKTOL Zinc Laurate offers a higher degree of solubility in rubber than stearic acid, therefore less blooming. Less blooming results in better tack properties, such as in truck tire and tank lining compounds. STRUKTOL Zinc Laurate is sanctioned for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in a number of applications, listed in the following sections of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations: 175.105 (Adhesives) 177.2600 (Rubber articles, intended for repeated use), 178.3910 (Surface lubricants used in the manufacture of metallic articles). Zinc Laurate is used as cosmetic additive.

Ethylene is a gaseous organic compound. Ethylene is an important raw material for the chemical industry and feedstock for 30 percent of all petrochemicals. Ethylene is used for the production of many plastics, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PET, cellulose acetate and polyvinyl acetate polymer. Ethylene is used in the production of specialty glass for the automotive industry (car glass). Ethylene is used as oxy-fuel gas in metal cutting, welding and high velocity thermal spraying. Ethylene is used as refrigerant, especially in LNG liquefaction plants. Ethylene is used in the extraction of rubber. Ethylene was used as a general anesthetic in major as well as minor surgery: tonsillectomies, appendectomies, Caesarian sections, hysterectomies, gastro-enterostomies, cholecystectomies, and other operations where the age of the patient ranges from three days to eighty-four or five years. Ethylene is the first-identified plant hormone known to regulate numerous processes in plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Ethylene is best known for its effect on fruit ripening and organ abscission, and thus has great commercial importance in agriculture.

The cationic surfactant, stearamidoethyl diethylamine (SD) is an emulsifier used in topical medications and cosmetics. Stearamidoethyl Diethylamine is an ingredient found in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products, primarily in shampoos and other hair care formulas, as an emulsifier, anti-static agent, and hair conditioner. It has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Ethyl linoleate (ELA) is an essential fatty acid used in many cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the action of the reactive species of oxygen released by neutrophils due to an excess of bacteria, and prevents the hyperkeratinization induced by a lack of linoleic acid. Though there are few reports stating the antiinflammatory activity of ELA, the mechanism by which ELA exhibits anti-inflammatory activity remains unclear. An aqueous emulsion of ethyl linoleate can be used as parenteral injection for curring ailments where a high plasma-cholesterol level of the blood is indicated. Improvements in liver function tests during the administration of ELA were noticed in almost all cases with a few aggravated exceptions. The administration of ELA can expect the satisfactory response to the patients both with liver cirrhosis and with chronic hepatitis.

Pentane, an organic compound, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Its normal concentration in the breath of healthy humans is lower than 10 pmoles/l. Breath pentane, which is produced by reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids, is a marker of oxidative stress. Experiments on animals have shown that the breath pentane analysis could provide early, rapid, noninvasive and continuous assessment of lipid peroxidation during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.