MK-2748 is hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor patented by pharmaceutical company Merck & Co Co for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.

Melarsonyl is an arsenical anthelmintic compound. It has been used for the treatment of human trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis.

Mitoglitazone (previously known as MSDC-0160 or CAY-10415) is a mTOT (mitochondrial target of thiazolidinediones) modulator that targets the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which is a key controller of cellular metabolism. MSDC-0160 is modulated MPC and act as insulin sensitizers without activating PPAR gamma. (Mitoglitazone exhibits very low binding affinity and activity at PPARγ). Mitoglitazone has been used in trials phase II studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease; the treatment for diabetes was discontinued. In addition, MSDC-0160 has demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in the En1+/- mouse model of Parkinson’s disease via modulation of the mTOR-autophagy signaling cascade.

CC-223 is an orally available inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with potential antineoplastic activity. mTOR kinase inhibitor CC-223 inhibits the activity of mTOR, which may result in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. CC-223 disrupted mitochondrial function, and induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CC-223 is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Multiple myeloma; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Solid tumours. The most common treatment-related adverse events were hyperglycemia, fatigue and rash.

Radalbuvir (also known as GS-9669 ) is a Hepatitis C virus NS 5 protein inhibitor for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection developed by Gilead Sciences. Radalbuvir is a highly optimized thumb site II nonnucleoside inhibitor, with a binding affinity of 1.35 nM for the genotype (GT) 1b protein. It is a selective inhibitor of HCV RNA replication, with a mean 50% effective concentration of ≤ 11 nM in genotype 1 and 5 replicon assays, but lacks useful activity against genotypes 2 to 4. In preclinical Radalbuvir exhibited at least additive activity in combination with agents encompassing four other direct modes of action (NS3 protease, NS5A, NS5B via an alternative allosteric binding site, and NS5B nucleotide) as well as with alpha interferon or ribavirin in replicon assays. It exhibited high metabolic stability in vitro human liver microsomal assays, which, in combination with its pharmacokinetic profiles in rat, dog, and two monkey species, is predictive of good human pharmacokinetics. In clinical trials, Radalbuvir shows highly effective inhibition of wild-type HCV.

AZD9056 was developed as a selective inhibitor of the purinergic receptor P2X7, a key player in the generation and secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines. AZD 9056 participated is phase II clinical trials for osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but these studies were discontinued in 2009 because the drug failed to show significant efficacy in trials. In addition, in 2015 AZD 9056 was studied for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), although the drug has shown a beneficial risk profile the lack in the change of inflammatory biomarkers questions its anti-inflammatory potential.