Aviptadil, a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, is a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure if administered intravenously. In 2007, the orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for aviptadil for the treatment of sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown cause that affects many organs and tissues, most commonly the lungs. Sarcoidosis is characterized by specific microscopic lesions called granulomas. Aviptadil is able to influence the immune system that decreases the inflammatory processes seen in sarcoidosis by acting on the white blood cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) involved in the formation of the granulomas. In combination with phentolamine, the drug is used to treat erectile dysfunction. In addition, aviptadil has been studied in phase II clinical trials for patients with respiratory distress syndrome.

TAT-NR2B9C is a synthetic peptide fusion of the nine C-terminal residues of the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and the cell membrane protein transduction domain of the HIV-1 tat protein. It is a postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) inhibitor with neuroprotective properties. It is under development for the treatment of acute stroke and acute cerebral ischemia.

Thymoctonan (also known as Thymic humoral factor γ2 ) is an octapeptide thymic hormone patented by Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd. as an immunoregulatory agent. In preclinical models, Thymoctonan exerts potent anti-tumor activity in mice and significantly increases the specific cytotoxic response of immune spleen cells. In addition, Thymoctonan treatment improved the competence of immune spleen cells in adoptive immunotherapy when performed in combination with chemotherapy by melphalan. Besides that Thymoctonan enhancing the anti-viral potential of murine cytomegalovirus immune spleen cells. In fatal murine cytomegalovirus infection model, daily injections of Thymoctonan- enhanced murine cytomegalovirus immune spleen cells prevented the development of a fatal disease in 93% of the recipient mice.