Cryptochlorogenic acid is a structural isomer of chlorogenic acid; it is a cinnamate ester formed by the condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 4-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It can be isolated from several plant sources including apples, coffee, sunflowers, potatoes, and Hibiscus sabdariffa. Cryptochlorogenic acid mixed with related compounds has demonstrated potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and shown inhibitory activity against HBV DNA replication.

There is no information in the literature related to the biological and/or pharmacological application of 2-Ethoxy-5-fluorouracil.

Glyceryl 1-phosphate,(R)- or glycerol-3-phosphate is a precursor for fatty acid esterification into triglycerides. Esterification of fatty acids to triglycerides in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is dependent on the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate from glucose. Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. Human skeletal muscle glycerol-3-phosphate, lactate was decreased after the high-fat diets.

D-Glutamic acid is an essential constituent of the bacterial peptidoglycan structure. D-glutamate has been detected in blood, saliva, and urine, and trace quantities have been detected in mammalian tissues. Recently was found, that mitochondrial D-glutamate cyclase converts D-glutamate to 5-oxo-D-proline.

D-Asparagine is an enantiomer of L-asparagine.

β-Hexachlorcyclohexane is a byproduct of the production of insecticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane). Technical grade hexachlorocyclohexane contains about 5-12% of technical grade hexachlorocyclohecane. Elevated levels of β-Hexachlorcyclohexane in blood was linked with risk of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. β-Hexachlorcyclohexane is a xenoestrogen and promotes growth and invasiveness of breast tumor cell lines.

N,N'-dimethylphenethylamine (DMPEA) is an industrial flavoring agent, which can be extracted from Eria jarensis Ames. It was identified and studied as an antagonist of trace amine-associated receptors.

(R)-nisoxetine, an enantiomer of nisoxetine, is the potent and selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor. Racemic nisoxetine doesn’t have any clinical application but had been researched as an antidepressant and its activity for NET resides mainly in the R-isomer.

There is not much information related to the S isomer of nisoxetine. It is known, that (S)-nisoxetine is 20 times less active than R-enantiomer. And that racemic nisoxetine currently doesn’t have any clinical application in spite of had been researched as an antidepressant.

T863, also known as DGAT-1 inhibitor, is an oral active, selective and potent DGAT1 (Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) inhibitor, which inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis in cells. It was shown, that treatment of obese mice lead to the reduction of triacylglycerol in serum and liver level and to improve insulin sensitivity.