Dicyandiamide is a nitrification inhibitor, used in agriculture. Its use may cause contamination of food.

Articaine isopropyl ester is an impurity in a local anesthetic articaine.

Benazepril Related Compound A, it is an Impurity. Benazepril is a prodrug which is metabolized by the liver into its active form benazeprilat via cleavage of the drug's ester group. Benazepril and Benazeprilat inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. Benazeprilat has much greater ACE inhibitory activity than does Benazepril. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension.

Norfluoxetine is an active N-desmethyl metabolite of the antidepressant fluoxetine that inhibits serotonin uptake. Norfluoxetine is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) but little is known about its pharmacological actions. Seproxetine (S- Norfluoxetine) was being investigated by Eli Lilly as an antidepressant but development was never completed and the drug was never marketed.

N-methylanthranilic acid is a naturally occurring fluorescent compound which can be isolated from the oil of grapefruit peels and tissues of Ruta graveolens. N-methylation of anthranilic acid is the first pathway-specific reaction in acridone alkaloid biosynthesis. N-methylanthranilic acid is quoted as a chromophoric ingredient in a patent for blood coagulation tests.

Hydroquinone monoacetate (also known as 4-acetoxyphenol), an FDA-approved natural compound, was studied as a potent activator of the NRF2-ARE pathway in motor neurons and as a α-synuclein modulator that can possibly prevent or slow down the onset or progression of Parkinson's disease. In addition, was evaluated the role of 4-acetoxyphenol in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative disorder of the central retina, which is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in elderly populations in developed countries. It was shown, that 4-acetoxyphenol protected human retina pigment epithelium cell lines from oxidative stress-induced necrosis through upregulation of NQO1 and HO-1 genes by stabilization of NRF2, a transcription factor and a master regulator of many antioxidant/detoxification genes. Thus, 4-Acetoxyphenol could be further evaluated for its potential use in preventing AMD progression.

6'-Epipravastatin is a secondary isomeric metabolite of pravastatin. Pravastatin, one of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) widely used in the management of hypercholesterolaemia, has unique pharmacokinetic characteristics among the members of this class. The major metabolites of Pravastatin found in plasma, urine and feces are 3′α-isopravastatin, 3′α,5′β-dihydroxy-pravastatin, desacyl-dehydropravastatin, 3′′-hydroxy-pravastatin and 6′-epipravastatin. The major pravastatin metabolites are generated by non-CYP-dependent processes: 3alpha-isopravastatin and metabolite 6-epipravastatin are either formed by acidic degradation of pravastatin in the stomach or by sulfation at the 6’beta-hydroxy group by sulfotransferases, followed by a nucleophilic attack of hydroxy anions at the 3alpha- or 6’alpha-position.

Bimatoprost acid is a metabolically stable analog of prostaglandin F2alpha, exhibits a relatively high affinity for the FP, EP1, and EP3 receptors and exhibits functional activity at the EP1 and FP receptors. Clinical pharmacological studies with bimatoprost reveal that it is not significantly metabolized due to the absence of free acid hydrolysis product in the systemic circulation after topical ocular administration to human volunteers. The hydrolysis of bimatoprost to a free acid occurs at very low rate.

alpha-truxillic acid (also known as cocaic acid) shows significant anti-inflammatory activities as indicated by the formalin test in mice. While certain derivatives of alpha-truxillic acid can directly activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, alpha -truxillic acid has no such activity.

15-Ketoprostaglandin E2 (15-keto PGE2) is a metabolite of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with reduced biological activity, which then by the action of prostaglandin reductase 2 (PTGR2) transforms into 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, s a secondary metabolite without biological activity. Some experiments have shown that exists the therapeutic potential by targeting PTGR2/15-keto-PGE2 in pancreatic cancer. Besides, it is known, that 15-keto-PGE2 has higher affinity to the prostaglandin EP2 receptor than to the EP4 receptor. Some experiments also have revealed the key signaling cascade: 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH)/15-keto-PGE2-mediated activation of PPARγ and p21(WAF1/Cip1) in the regulation of the hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression.