There is no information about biological and pharmacological application of lead lactate.

There is no information related to biological or pharmacological application of lead(II) tetrafluoroborate. It is only known, that this substance is a water soluble and is a lead source for use in oxygen-sensitive applications, such as metal production.

4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine is a chlorinated aromatic amine that exists as a brown crystalline solid or powder at room temperature. 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine can be used as an oxidation base for dye preparation, as a chemical intermediate to produce 5-chlorobenzotriazole, as a curing agent for epoxy resins, as a reagent in gas chromatography, and to synthesize experimental pharmaceuticals. It has been used as a chemical intermediate in dye production and was patented as a hair-dye component. Oral exposure to 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine caused tumors in two rodent species and at several different tissue sites. Dietary administration of technical-grade 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine caused benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma) in mice of both sexes and benign or malignant tumors of the urinary bladder and forestomach (papilloma or carcinoma) in rats of both sexes (NCI 1978).

T0901317 is a potent, high affinity liver X receptors (LXRs) agonist. It upregulates expression of the ABCA1 gene associated with cholesterol efflux regulation and high-density lipoproteins metabolism. It also exhibits inverse agonist activity at constitutive androstane receptors (CARs). T0901317 activates bile acid farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), and it is 10-fold more potent than natural FXR ligand chenodeoxycholic acid.

(+)-AP-7 is an inactive isomer of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist.

Methoxetamine (abbreviated as MXE) is a novel psychoactive substance that is emerging on the Internet and induces dissociative effects and acute toxicity. MXE acts behaviourally as a typical dissociative anesthetic with stimulant and anxiogenic effects at lower doses, sedative/anesthetic effects at higher doses, and as a disruptor of sensorimotor gating. Its pharmacological effects have not yet been adequately investigated, but recently published articles shown, that MXE differentially affected motor activity, behavior and emotional states in rats, depending on the dose tested. Methoxetamine acts mainly as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

CUPRIC ETHYLENEDIAMINE is a purple liquid with an ammoniacal odor. It is used to dissolve cellulose products to give a cuprammonium-type solution. Superoxide ion is generated as an intermediate at the first reaction step between CUPRIC ETHYLENEDIAMINE and H2O2. DNA strand scission may be caused by hydroxyl radicals generated from the reaction of CUPRIC ETHYLENEDIAMINE with biological reductants under aerobic conditions. Since ascorbic acid, is present in living cells, CUPRIC ETHYLENEDIAMINE may be capable of initiating DNA damage in the presence of this reductant. Inhalation of vapor CUPRIC ETHYLENEDIAMINE irritates mucous membrane and may cause asthma. Liquid causes severe irritation of eyes and possible corneal injury. Contact with skin causes irritation. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.

D-glutamine is an unnatural D type stereoisomer of glutamine which is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code.

Ethionine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid structurally related to methionine, with an ethyl group in place of the methyl group. Ethionine is an antimetabolite and methionine antagonist. It prevents amino acid incorporation into proteins and interferes with cellular use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ethionine is a far more potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis than of protein synthesis. While both stereoisomers were active, the L isomer was a more potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis than was the D isomer. In male mice, 3 hr after 20 mg/kg L-ethionine, RNA synthesis was inhibited 80%, while after D-ethionine it was inhibited only 51%. Ethionine was a potent inhibitor of wool growth in sheep; the L- and D-isomers appeared equally effective. Because of these pharmacological effects, ethionine is highly toxic and is a potent carcinogen. L and D-ethionine have being shown to be equally effective in producing tissue damage in rats and mice. The L- and ID-isomers of ethionine are equally effective in producing pancreatic and renal changes in the rat as well as fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreatic damage in the albino mouse.

Ethionine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid structurally related to methionine, with an ethyl group in place of the methyl group. Ethionine is an antimetabolite and methionine antagonist. It prevents amino acid incorporation into proteins and interferes with cellular use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DL-Ethionine is a racemic mixture of the anti-methylation agent L-Ethionine and its enantiomer D-Ethionine. DL-Ethionine is used as a dietary supplement to accelerate cholangiocarcinogenesis in vivo. D-Ethionine and D,L-ethionine strongly enhanced the activity of prolidase II compared with L-ethionine. DL-Ethionine is used to induce oxidative stress in liver to study the levels and activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and compounds such as glutathione. As a therapeutic agent in the treatment of malignant tumors of man, ethionine had no demonstrable efficacy. No changes in the appearance of tumor cells were noted after its administration, even when marked effects on other tissues were evident. The distressing toxicity of ethionine prevented further extension of the investigation.