Escin Ia and isoescin Ia have been traditionally used clinically as the chief active ingredients of escin, a major triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, inflammation and edema. The interconversion of escin Ia and isoescin Ia when given alone indicates that administration of one isomer leads to exposure to the other.

N-Palmitoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (also known as GABA-palmitamide) is a GABA-ergic compound, which potentiates the oral stereotypies (gnawing) when it administered at low doses in rats.

There is no information related to the biological and/or pharmacological activity of N-Oleoyl-4-aminobutyric acid.

UR-144 N-(5-chloropentyl) analog differs from UR-144 by having a chlorine atom on the terminal carbon of the alkyl group, this compound belongs to the class of synthetic cannabinoid. But this compound is not included in the Schedules to the CDSA (Controlled Drugs and Substances Act) and is not a controlled substance. The biological activities of this compound have not been characterized. This product is intended for forensic and research applications.

A-834735 is a drug developed by Abbott Laboratories, acts as a potent cannabinoid receptor full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors.

Terretonin is a sesterterpene isolated from Aspergillus terreus. Terretonin possesses a highly oxygenated and unique tetracyclic structure. Terretonin is toxic compound with LD50 on day-old cockerels between 250 and 375 mg/ kg.

Antimycin A is widely used as a piscicide in the catfish farming industry (brandname Fintrol) and has potent killing activity against insects, nematodes and fungi. Antimycin A is a potent inhibitor of ubiquinol-cytochrome C oxidoreductase (complex III). By inhibiting cytochrome C reductase in the electron transport chain of mitochondria antimycin A halts respiration. It has been used to study the metabolic signature of RCD in human cultured skeletal muscle cells. The specific sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer patients, and its relationship with local oxidative stress induced by exercise have been studied using antimycin A as well. More recently, antimycin A has attracted attention as a potent and selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL which are over-produced in cancer cells resistant to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapy agents, so antimycin A may have a potential as anticancer drug for combination chemotherapy.

Thiamine Thiocyanate occurs as white crystals or crystalline powder. It is odorless or has a slight, characteristic odor. No available data exist.

Niguldipine, a mixture of two forms: (-) and (+)-Niguldipine is an antagonist of alpha 1A adrenoreceptors. Preclinical studies of niguldipine as an anticonvulsive drug on mice was revealed that the use of niguldipine in epileptic patients seems questionable.