Cytosine is a pyrimidine nucleobase, one of the five main bases of nucleic acids. In DNA and RNA cytosine is paired with guanine. Only small amounts of cytosine administered with food are incorporated in DNA. The majority of cytosine is synthesized de-novo starting from carbamoyl phosphate.

p-Aminophenol is an active metabolite of paracetamol. p-Aminophenol is conjugated with arachidonic acid by fatty acid amide hydrolase to form AM404. AM404 exerts effect through cannabinoid receptors. p- Aminophenol is a nephrotoxic metabolite of paracetamol and phenacetin. It causes acute renal proximal tubular necrosis after administration to rats. p-Aminophenol may cause skin sensitization, dermatitis. p-Aminophenol is a synthetic dye used in hair coloring.

Arachidic acid, also known as eicosanoic, is a component of wild soybean. It is a saturated fatty acid, which is used for the production of detergents and lubricants, and was discovered to modulate expression of cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme pivotal to skin inflammation and reparation.

p-Aminophenol is an active metabolite of paracetamol. p-Aminophenol is conjugated with arachidonic acid by fatty acid amide hydrolase to form AM404. AM404 exerts effect through cannabinoid receptors. p- Aminophenol is a nephrotoxic metabolite of paracetamol and phenacetin. It causes acute renal proximal tubular necrosis after administration to rats. p-Aminophenol may cause skin sensitization, dermatitis. p-Aminophenol is a synthetic dye used in hair coloring.

L-methylephedrine is an isomer of DL form, which possesses beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist activity, while d-isomer is suggested to have only low or no affinity for beta 1-adrenoceptors.

L-methylephedrine is an isomer of DL form, which possesses beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist activity, while d-isomer is suggested to have only low or no affinity for beta 1-adrenoceptors.

L-methylephedrine is an isomer of DL form, which possesses beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist activity, while d-isomer is suggested to have only low or no affinity for beta 1-adrenoceptors.

LP-20 (1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenyl]piperazine) is a potent serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with a low binding affinity for the 5-HT1A and adrenergic 1 receptor. In animal models LP-20 was investigated as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, due to high synthetic availability of 11C radiolabeled compound. Although [11C] LP-20 exhibited in vitro binding with 5-HT7, moderate brain uptake and relatively stable metabolism in the brain, in vivo evaluation showed limited specificity of [11C] LP-20 for 5-HT7.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell. Around 1960 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) serves as the secondary messenger within the cell. Cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory units with the regulatory units blocking the catalytic centers of the catalytic units. Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. It was discovered, that melanocytes require the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways to maintain the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation. cAMP suppressed CRAF activity in melanocytes and that was essential to suppress the oncogenic potential of CRAF in the cells. When RAS was mutated in melanoma, the cells switched their signaling from BRAF to CRAF. That switch was accompanied by dysregulated cAMP signaling, a step that was necessary to allow CRAF to signal to MEK. Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS was mutated in melanoma, and that occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling. These data have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat this life-threatening disease.

AMMONIUM O-PHENYLPHENOLATE (also known as Ortho-phenylphenol, ammonium salt) is a toxic agent, which is used as a pesticide.