TGF-B-recpotor inhibitor (dihydropyrrolopyrazole, 13) is one of the series of optimized, bioavailable dihydropyrrolopyrazole TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitors synthesized at Ely Lilly and is an investigational antitumor agent.

LDN193189 is a cell-permeable, highly potent and selective BMP pathway inhibitor. It prevents Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 phosphorylation. It is a useful tool compound to modulate stem cell differentiation (for example, neural differentiation of human ESC/iPSC in combination with SB431542). LDN-193189 blocks the production of reactive oxygen species induced by oxidized LDL during atherogenesis in human aortic endothelial cells. It was also used in animal models to treat FOP and ectopic ossification, as well as NSCLC lung cancer.

Luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) is a yellow-colored crystalline solid powder and soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. An alkaline solution of luminol oxidized by oxidizing agents exhibits chemiluminescence. Luminol was first synthesized by Schmitz in 1902, the chemiluminescence property of luminol was first discovered by Albrecht in 1928. Luminol is one of the most widely used chemiluminescent compounds because of its availability and low cost. Luminol-based methods are used in environmental monitoring as biosensors, in the pharmaceutical industry for cellular localization and as biological tracers, and in reporter gene-based assays and several other immunoassays.

Calcium benzoate is the calcium salt of benzoic acid. Used as a preservative, both antibacterial and antifungal. Calcium benzoate can be found in concentrated pineapple juice. People who suffer from asthma, aspirin sensitivity or the skin disease urticaria may have allergic reactions and/or find their symptoms become worse following consumption of benzoic acid, particularly in combination with tartrazine (E102). Calcium benzoate (E213) is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.

Compound is inhibitor of PDE4B (IC50 33 nM) and PDE4D (IC50 21 nM).

XAV-939 was discovered as a selectively inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription through tankyrase1/2 inhibition, regulates axin levels and does not affect CRE, NF-κB or TGF-β. Wnt/b-catenin pathway has been implicated in many cancers.

2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is a low molecular weight red dye which is able to penetrate into hair shafts; this compound is one of the most commonly used dyes in semi-permanent hair colorants. 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine is also an ingredient in permanent hair dye formulations.

Phenyl benzoate is a white powdery organic compound that falls into the broad category of chemicals known as esters. The compound is formed in a reaction between phenol, sodium hydroxide and benzonyl chloride. The compound is solid at room temperature, but can form an oily liquid at a relatively low temperature. Phenyl benzoate can be used in a variety of polyesters, which have applications in products from clothing to heavy industry. One use that takes advantage of the electrical properties of phenyl benzoate is the development of liquid crystal displays. Phenyl benzoate based liquid crystals have excellent compatibility characteristics with other materials used in liquid crystal displays, such as biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane, bicyclohexane and fluorine types, especially at low temperatures. Phenyl benzoate is considered an excellent starting material for the production of optical components, particularly high quality lenses for still and motion picture cameras.

Magnesium benzoate is a chemical compound formed from magnesium and benzoic acid. It was once used to treat gout and arthritis. Also, it is used in organic synthesis and as preservative in cosmetics.

Potassium o-phenylphenate (OPP) is a preservative regulated in Annex V/7 of the Cosmetics Regulation (EC) n. 1223/2009 at a maximum concentration of 0.2% (as phenol). In vitro data indicate an absent or very weak binding affinity of OPP to the oestrogen receptor, in line with limited stimulation of proliferation in oestrogen responsive cells. No information is available on androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of OPP in vitro. Agonistic or antagonistic effects on thyroid hormones were not observed with OPP. There might be a potential of injury to the vision system attributable to OPP. Aggregate exposure to OPP should be considered. OPP and its sodium and potassium salts are used as active ingredients in broad-spectrum fungicides surface biocides. OPP in 2 % [w/v] formulations is used for hygienic hand disinfection and hand decontamination in hospitals and medical practice by professional users. OPP is approved as a preservative in cosmetic formulations according to Commission regulation 1223/2009/EC, its amendments and adaptations. It is listed in Annex V with a maximum authorised concentration of 0.2% without any limitations and requirements, conditions of use and warnings which must be printed on the label. OPP and its sodium salt are also used for inhibition of mould growth on citrus.