Dehydroabietic acid (DHA or DAA), a diterpene, is obtained from Commiphora oppbalsamum. DHA has potential as treatment for obesity and metabolic syndrome, obese diabetic KK-Ay mice treated with DHA showed decreased plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels. It has been reported that DHA inhibits the production of proinfammatory mediators such as TNF-α in macrophages and adipocytes and causes endothelium-dependent relaxation of pulmonary artery via PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway. Also was shown, that DHA could reverse several cell responses stimulated by TNF-α, including the activation of FOXO1 and the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, DAA could be useful in improving the diabetic wound healing.

Benzohydroxamic acid is a bidentate chelating agent. Benzohydroxamic acid is known to be competitive inhibitors of a variety of plant and animal peroxidases. Benzohydroxamic acid did not show a bactericidal effect against Helicobacter pylori despite moderate inhibition of urease activity. Benzohydroxamic acid is used for the synthesis of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Benzohydroxamic acid derivatives demonstrated the antineoplastic and cytotoxicity in murine and human tumor cells.

Epicinchonine is a 9-epimer of cinchonine. it is Cinchona alkaloids quinine. Cinchonine is antimalarial. Its 9-epimer, Epicinchonine, is practically inactive.

Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with an odor of bitter almonds, prepared by nitration of benzene. In chemical industry nitrobenzene is mainly used to produce aniline. It is also used in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including acetaminophen. Nitrobenzene is very toxic and can cause acute poisoning because it is readily absorbed via the skin or respiratory tract. The primary effects are lowering of the hemoglobin level, methemoglobinemia, cyanosis, and breathlessness. Chronic exposure can lead to spleen and liver damage, jaundice, and anemia. Ingestion of alcohol may speed up and exaggerate the effects.

1,5-Naphthalenediamine is an organic amine which is used as an intermediate for the manufacture of 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate and organic dyes. According to IARC monograph on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk, there is a limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of 1,5-naphthalenediamine in experimental animals. 1,5-Naphthalenediamine is used for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry of phospholipids.

LH846 targets casein kinase 1δ activity. It is able to regulate circadian rhythms.

(R)-bentamapimod is the enantiomer of Bentamapimod (AS-602801 or PGL-5), a JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. No data regarding stereospecificity of the pharmacological activity of bentamapimod enantiomers available.

KY02111 is a canonical WNT signaling inhibitor. The direct target of KY02111 is still unknown, but results from this study indicate that KY02111 might function downstream from GSK3b and APC in beta-catenin destruction complex. KY02111 promotes differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes and increases in intrinsic stiffness of human trabecular meshwork cells.

Strophanthidin is a cardiotonic steroid that decreases the potassium content and raises the sodium content in rabbit renal cortex slices. In addition, strophanthidin induced two different types of membrane depolarization: a small, reversible depolarization with a peak amplitude of 4 +/- 2.6 mV or a prolonged depolarization of large amplitude (48.6 +/- 9.0 mV) with or without a decrease in apparent rat membrane resistance.

m-Dinitrobenzene (1,3-DBN) is a synthetic compound used in manufacture of explosives. 1,3-DNB has been used as a camphor substitute in nitrocellulose, a compound used in explosives and propellants.1,3-DNB was manufactured during both world wars as a component in the explosive roburite. Commercially, 1,3-DNB has been used extensively as an organic intermediate for m-phenylenediamine, a chemical used in the synthesis of aramid fibers and spandex. 1,3-DNB is an industrial chemical used in organic synthesis and dyes. In medicine, 1,3-DNB was used for colorimetric determination of 17-ketosteroids.