Cloxacillin is a derivative of penicillin for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The drug exerts its action by inhiiting bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillin-binding proteins).

Cloxacillin is a derivative of penicillin for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The drug exerts its action by inhiiting bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillin-binding proteins).

Cephalothin is a first generation, semisynthetic analogue of natural cephalosporin antibiotic. The in-vitro bactericidal action of Cephalothin results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. In general, Cephalothin has higher activity against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. Cephalothin is primarily indicated in conditions like bone and joint infection, genitourinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, soft tissue and skin infections and others. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Cephalothin, which give rise to further complications, include nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia. Cephalothin produces potentially life-threatening effects, which include anaphylaxis, serum sickness syndrome. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Cephalothin are: rashes, urticaria, allergic reactions, thrombophlebitis, pain at injection site. Co-administration of diuretics, such as furanthril, ethacrynic acid and nephrotoxic antibiotics may increase the risk of renal damage. Reciprocal inactivation could be observed during in vitro mixing of Cephalothin with aminoglycosides.

Cephalothin is a first generation, semisynthetic analogue of natural cephalosporin antibiotic. The in-vitro bactericidal action of Cephalothin results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. In general, Cephalothin has higher activity against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. Cephalothin is primarily indicated in conditions like bone and joint infection, genitourinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, soft tissue and skin infections and others. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Cephalothin, which give rise to further complications, include nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia. Cephalothin produces potentially life-threatening effects, which include anaphylaxis, serum sickness syndrome. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Cephalothin are: rashes, urticaria, allergic reactions, thrombophlebitis, pain at injection site. Co-administration of diuretics, such as furanthril, ethacrynic acid and nephrotoxic antibiotics may increase the risk of renal damage. Reciprocal inactivation could be observed during in vitro mixing of Cephalothin with aminoglycosides.

Cephalothin is a first generation, semisynthetic analogue of natural cephalosporin antibiotic. The in-vitro bactericidal action of Cephalothin results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. In general, Cephalothin has higher activity against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. Cephalothin is primarily indicated in conditions like bone and joint infection, genitourinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, soft tissue and skin infections and others. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Cephalothin, which give rise to further complications, include nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia. Cephalothin produces potentially life-threatening effects, which include anaphylaxis, serum sickness syndrome. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Cephalothin are: rashes, urticaria, allergic reactions, thrombophlebitis, pain at injection site. Co-administration of diuretics, such as furanthril, ethacrynic acid and nephrotoxic antibiotics may increase the risk of renal damage. Reciprocal inactivation could be observed during in vitro mixing of Cephalothin with aminoglycosides.

Pheneticillin (phenoxyethylpenicillin) is an oral penicillin used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections; lower respiratory tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections. Pheneticillin inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall by inhibiting the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) function. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It reaches the pleural and peritoneal cavities but doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier. Diarrhea has sometimes occurred with therapeutic doses in man.

Furagin (Furazidine) is a nitrofuran derivative, acting as an antibacterial medicine with bacteriostatic action. It is active against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus faecalis) and gram-negative microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae – Salmonella, Shygella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter, etc.). It is used for the treatment of urinary tract, skin and soft tissues infections.

Furagin (Furazidine) is a nitrofuran derivative, acting as an antibacterial medicine with bacteriostatic action. It is active against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus faecalis) and gram-negative microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae – Salmonella, Shygella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter, etc.). It is used for the treatment of urinary tract, skin and soft tissues infections.

Flucloxacillin is an isoxazolyl penicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics, which exerts a bactericidal effect upon many Gram-positive organisms including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. While no longer used in the United States, Flucloxacillin is supplied under a variety of trade names in other countries, including Floxapen, Flopen, Staphylex. Floxapen is indicated for the treatment of infections due to sensitive Gram-positive organisms, including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Typical indications including, skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory tract infections; other infections caused by floxapen-sensitive organisms, like example, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infection, septicaemia, endocarditis. Floxapen is also indicated for use as a prophylactic agent during major surgical procedures when appropriate; for example cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery. Flucloxacillin, by its action on the synthesis of the bacterial wall, exerts a bactericidal effect on streptococci except those of group D (Enterococcus faecalis) staphylococci. It is not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. There is evidence that the risk of flucloxacillin induced liver injury is increased in subjects carrying the HLA-B*5701 allele. Despite this strong association, only 1 in 500-1000 carriers will develop liver injury. Consequently, the positive predictive value of testing the HLA-B*5701 allele for liver injury is very low (0.12%) and routine screening for this allele is not recommended. Flucloxacillin diffuses well into most tissue. Specifically, active concentrations of flucloxacillin have been recovered in bones: 11.6 mg/L (compact bone) and 15.6 mg/L (spongy bone), with a mean serum level of 8.9 mg/L. Flucloxacillin diffuses in only small proportion into the cerebrospinal fluid of subjects whose meninges are not inflamed. It is also excreted in small quantities in mother's milk. In normal subjects approximately 10% of the flucloxacillin administered is metabolised to penicilloic acid. The elimination half-life of flucloxacillin is in the order of 53 minutes.

Flucloxacillin is an isoxazolyl penicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics, which exerts a bactericidal effect upon many Gram-positive organisms including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. While no longer used in the United States, Flucloxacillin is supplied under a variety of trade names in other countries, including Floxapen, Flopen, Staphylex. Floxapen is indicated for the treatment of infections due to sensitive Gram-positive organisms, including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Typical indications including, skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory tract infections; other infections caused by floxapen-sensitive organisms, like example, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infection, septicaemia, endocarditis. Floxapen is also indicated for use as a prophylactic agent during major surgical procedures when appropriate; for example cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery. Flucloxacillin, by its action on the synthesis of the bacterial wall, exerts a bactericidal effect on streptococci except those of group D (Enterococcus faecalis) staphylococci. It is not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. There is evidence that the risk of flucloxacillin induced liver injury is increased in subjects carrying the HLA-B*5701 allele. Despite this strong association, only 1 in 500-1000 carriers will develop liver injury. Consequently, the positive predictive value of testing the HLA-B*5701 allele for liver injury is very low (0.12%) and routine screening for this allele is not recommended. Flucloxacillin diffuses well into most tissue. Specifically, active concentrations of flucloxacillin have been recovered in bones: 11.6 mg/L (compact bone) and 15.6 mg/L (spongy bone), with a mean serum level of 8.9 mg/L. Flucloxacillin diffuses in only small proportion into the cerebrospinal fluid of subjects whose meninges are not inflamed. It is also excreted in small quantities in mother's milk. In normal subjects approximately 10% of the flucloxacillin administered is metabolised to penicilloic acid. The elimination half-life of flucloxacillin is in the order of 53 minutes.