1-caffeoylquinic acid was extracted from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leafs and identified in Ixeris sonchifolia. This dietary phytochemical is found in Quince, also. In silico study revealed that 1-caffeoylquinic acid effectively binds in the RH domain of NF-κB and might be a potent inhibitor of NF-κB pathway in cure and prevention of breast cancer.

BMS-536924 is an ATP-competitive IGF-1R/IR inhibitor with IC50 of 100 nM/73 nM, modest activity for Mek, Fak, and Lck with very little activity for Akt1, MAPK1/2. BMS-536924 has been shown to inhibit the catalytic activity of IGF-1R and its down stream signaling components such as Akt and MAPK in cells; it also inhibits proliferation in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines including, colon, breast, lung, pancreas, prostate, sarcoma and multiple myeloma. In vivo, BMS-536924 inhibits tumor growth in an IGF-1R-dependent tumor model (IGF-1R Sal) as well as in a broad range of human tumor xenografts.

Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is an active compound extracted from Buxus microphylla, which has been used of cardiac insufficiency and arrhythmias in China. The antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic potential of this drug might be concerned with prolongation of action potential duration and QT interval. Human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) has an important role in the repolarization of the cardiac action potential. CVB-D inhibits HERG encoded potassium channels and this action might be a molecular mechanism for the previously reported APD prolongation and QT interval prolongation with this drug. Currently pharmacological studies on CVB-D have been conducted extensively for treatment of cancers. However, whether and how CVB-D affects other cellular processes and the tumorigenesis pathway of cancer cells is still largely unknown.

(R)-Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen produced from the metabolism of the isoflavonoid phytoestrogen daidzein. R-(+)equol binds dihydrotestosterone and inhibit the in vivo stimulatory effect of this potent androgen on prostate growth. R-(+)equol was found in the model of the growth of mammary tumors induced by the chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to be a potently chemopreventive. R-(+)-equol can induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells through the intrinsic pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

(-)-cis-methyl dihydrojasmonate is one of the four isomers of the aroma compound methyl dihydrojasmonate. Racemic mixtures have a floral and citrus aroma while epimerized mixtures exhibit a dense fatty floral odor. Methyl dihydrojasmonates have attracted investigational interest as anticancer compounds.

Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound which can be found in a variety of plant sources and especially some types of dried fruit. It is an epimer of chlorogenic acid. Neochlorogenic has been investigated as a chemopreventative dietary compound for breast cancer and collorectal cancer. It has in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties, and may be responsible for the laxative effect fo prunes. Research surrounding neochlorgenic acid has often involved various plant extracts, rather than pure preparations of the compound.

Tanshinone I derived from the traditional herbal medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is structurally similar to tanshinone IIA and may possess similar cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. It was discovered, that tanshinone I may serve as an effective drug for the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, it induced apoptosis and pro-survival autophagy via inhibiting Bcl-2 expression on gastric cancer, and the combination of chloroquine and Tanshinone I could inhibit tumor growth more efficiently than monotherapy, which might be considered as an effective strategy for the treatment for gastric cancer. Tanshinone I showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of type IIA human recombinant sPLA2 (phospholipase A (2)).

Pinoresinol is a common component of the lignan fraction found in olive oil, in Styrax sp. and in Forsythia suspense and in other plants. Many experimental studies have been focused on the strong antioxidant activity of pinoresinol. Enzymatic hydrolysis of maltose is inhibited by (+)-pinoresinol through competitive and noncompetitive manners. Pinoresinol caused an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels so suggesting that this could be a mechanism by which pinoresinol reduced proliferation and induced differentiation on HL60 leukemia cells. Pinoresinol may have a therapeutic potential to prevent breast cancer development via the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo, pinoresinol ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and this protection is likely due to anti-oxidative activity and down-regulation of inflammatory mediators through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1.

Coptisine (COP), a protoberberine alkaloid, is widely found in Chinese medicinal plants (family Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae). It is reported that COP has a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities, including antibacterial, hypoglycemic, anti-tumorigenic, and gastric-mucous membrane protection. Considerable attention has been focused on its activity against central nervous system disorders, such as improving the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and even preventing its onset, by exerting antidepressant effects as a potent type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Coptisine was found to be an efficient uncompetitive Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor. Coptisine is a potent inhibitor of human organic cation transporters.

Ergocornine is an ergot alkaloid. Ergocornine can inhibit prolactin release by a direct action on the anterior pituitary. It can modulate activity at both dopamine and serotonin receptors.