ATC-0065 is an oral antagonist of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1. In preclinical testing ATC-0065 demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant activity.

ATC-0175 is a potent antagonist with a high affinity for MCH1R and additional affinities for 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors. The receptor binding and the functional assay (MCH-induced increase in [Ca2+]i) indicated that ATC0175 is a noncompetitive antagonist at MCH1Rs. ATC-0175 exhibited anxiolytic effects in numerous animal models of anxiety including the elevated plus-maze test, social interaction test, stress-induced hyperthermia and maternal separation-induced vocalization. ATC-0175 also exhibited antidepressant effects in the forced swimming test. ATC-0175 increased swimming performance without altering climbing behavior, as observed with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ATC0175 has adequate ADME profile (reasonable oral bioavailability and brain penetration) and potent oral activity in animal models. In contrast, ATC-0175 did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time and did not impair rotarod performance. Thus, ATC-0175 may be devoid of unwanted central nervous system side effects, which are sometimes observed with current medications. ATC-0175 has the potential to be effective in the treatment of patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders.

Songorine is a diterpenoid alkaloid which can be isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiolytic and the ability to promote wound healing. The Anti-anxiolytic properties appear to be linked to the agonistic activity of the Dopamine D2 receptor as shown in rat hippocampal slices. The wound healing effect is the result of songorine's ability to stimulate the development of mesenchymal progenitor cells, although the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.

BMY-7378 is a multi-targeted inhibitor of α2C-adrenoceptor and α1D-adrenoceptor with pKi of 6.54 and 8.2, respectively, and acts as a mixed agonist and antagonist for 5-HT1A receptor with pKi of 8.3. BMY-7378 was at the preclinical stage of development for the treatment of anxiety disorders, but later was discontinued.

Sinapic acid is one of the most common hydroxycinnamic acids and is widespread in the plant kingdom. It has been identified in various fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, oilseed crops, some spices, and medicinal plants. Sinapic acid and its derivatives possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-anxiety activities.

LY-300168 (GYKI-53655) is a negative allosteric AMPA modulator. It is used as a tool compound to study role of AMPA receptor in CNS functioning. Administration of LY-300168 demonstrated anxyolitic effects. GYKI-53655 produced a dose-dependent prolongation of survival time in the MgCl2 induced global ischaemia model.

Gelsemine is the principal alkaloid in Gelsemium sempervirens Ait. A single intrathecal injection of gelsemine produced potent and specific antinociception in formalin-induced tonic pain, bone cancer-induced mechanical allodynia, and spinal nerve ligation-induced painful neuropathy. Gelsemine exhibits potent and specific antinociception in chronic pain by acting at spinal α3 glycine receptors. Gelsemine is an effective agent for treatment of both neuropathic pain and sleep disturbance in PSNL mice; anterior cingulate cortex might play a role in the hypnotic effects of gelsemine.

Zolantidine is the novel benzthiazole derivative. It is a centrally acting potent antagonist of histamine at H2-receptors. It was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the histamine catabolising enzyme in brain, histamine N-methyltransferase. High aggression in histamine N-methyltransferase knockout mice was suppressed by treatment with zolantidine, indicating that abnormal histamine H2 receptor activation promoted aggression in knockout mice. Histamine H(3) receptor antagonist JNJ-10181457-induced anxiety-like behaviours were dominantly reduced by zolantidine. Zolantidine significantly attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of morphine.

S-14506 was originally identified and developed in France by Scientists at the Institut de Recherches Servier. S-14506 showed potent binding and antagonistic activity against the 5HT1-A receptor. It was found to work synergistically with D2 receptor antagonists and was therefore studied in animal models for depression, psychosis, and anxiety. A tritium labeled version was also studied as a potential 5HT1-A receptor PET imaging agent.

Poppy acid occurs in opium (Papaver somniferum) and other Papaver species. Meconic acid has been described as a mild narcotic, but it has little or no physiological action, and is not now used medicinally. Its chemical reactions are of importance in toxicology as a valuable indication of the presence of opium.