N,N-Dimethyl-5-Methoxytryptamine (aka 5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic of the tryptamine class. It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and a single psychoactive toad species, the Colorado River toad. Like its close relatives DMT and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America. It can also be found in the dart poison traditionally used by the Yanoama Indians of Upper Orinoco. It acts as a non-selective serotonin (5-HT) agonist. -MeO-DMT is O-demethylated by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) to an active metabolite, bufotenine. 5-MeO-DMT is classified as a controlled substance in China, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, and the USA.

Elantrine is an anticholinergic drug. Elantrine has been investigated in the treatment of parkinsonism.

Tempol is used as an industrial catalyst and chemical oxidant. However, its ability to scavenge free oxygen species has generated interest in the biochemical potential of this compound. Biologically Tempol catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxides, facilitates hydrogen peroxide metabolism, and inhibits Fenton chemistry. These properties generated investigational interest for the use of tempol to mediate radiation damage during chemotherapy. Tempol has been used in human clinical trials for mitigation of radiation damage in related to anal cancer, and brain cancer. Tempol has also been investigated in a number of animal and invitro models for conditions, such as oxidative damage, brain hemorrhage, anxiety, malaria, platelet agregation,

Quizapine is a piperazine-based nonselective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist with antidepressant and oxytocic activities. Quipazine targets and binds to serotonin receptors, particularly to the 5HT2A and 5HT3 receptors. Quipazine is a potential anti-parkinsonian agent. Serotonin receptor activation by quipazine may lead to smooth muscle contraction and antidepressant effects. quipazine, a central serotonergic agent, counteracted some of the drug-induced symptoms of pseudoparkinsonism in laboratory animals. Cholinergic, dopaminergic and histaminergic receptors play an important role in the manifestations of these symptoms.

Androsterone, a neurosteroid, acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors, that can cross into the brain and could have effects on brain function. It was discovered, that the association of beta subunits with alpha subunits GABA(A) receptor affects the sensitivity of glycine receptors to androsterone. In spite of that, androsteron is considered as an inactive metabolite of testosterone. In addition, was studied that androsterone possessed anticonvulsant properties. Although of low potency, the androsterone was present in high abundance and was able to represent endogenous modulator of seizure susceptibility.

Etoxadrol is an NMDA receptor antagonist. It exerts phencyclidine-like properties. Etoxadrol has anticonvulsant and anesthetic activity. Intravenous etoxadrol was clinically tested as an anesthetic.

Harmine (aka telepathine) is a fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the beta-carboline family of compounds. It is a naturally occurring metabolite in a number of plants, notably the Middle Eastern plant harmal or Syrian rue (Peganum harmala) and the South American vine Banisteriopsis caapi. Harmine is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), but not MAO-B. Harmine has been found to have potential anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties, and also promotes differentiation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Harmine has also been used as a C-11 labeled probe in positron emission tomography.

Oxotremorine, a metabolite of tremorine, is a non-hydrolyzed muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist used as a research tool. This compound is a muscarinic agent equal in potency to acetylcholine, but completely lacking in nicotinic activity.

Brocresine, an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor with both a peripheral and central action was shown to potentiate the therapeutic effect of levodopa in Parkinson's disease.

Capuride is a a central nervous systemactive urea derivative of valnoctic acid patented by pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories as sedative therapeutic compound with a duration of hypnotic effect similar to that of the short‐acting barbiturates.