Mepiprazole is a psychotropic pyrazole derivative. Mepiprazole is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and adrenolytic. In clinical studies, it demonstrated anxiolytic properties.

FEPROSIDNINE, also known as Sidnofen, is a psychostimulant and monoamine oxidase inhibitor developed in USSR.

Tonabersat is a unique compound with demonstrated activity as a gap-junction inhibitor in animal studies. In preclinical and clinical trials, tonabersat was well tolerated, with no cardiovascular effects; the pharmacokinetic profile suggested its usefulness in the prophylaxis of migraine. The basis of its high efficacy is inhibiting neuronal hyperexcitability and trigeminal nerve stimulated neurogenic inflammation in rodent models. Tonabersat inhibits the CSD (cortical spreading depression) that is believed to underlie the aura of migraine.

Cutamesine, an agonsit of brain sigma 1 receptors, was developed by Santen Pharmaceutical for the treatment of cognitive diseases. The drug was tested in phase II in patients with major depressive disorders and for recovery of patients with stroke, however its development was terminated for the given conditions. Currently M's science corporation is developing cutamesine for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Retinitis pigmentosa as more suitable target diseases.

Priralfinamide, also known as Ralfinamide, FCE-26742A; NW-1029; PNU-0154339E, is a Na-channel blocker for the treatment of neuropathic pain and other pain conditions such as post-operative dental pain. It has a relatively complex pharmacology, acting as a mixed voltage-gated sodium channel blocker (including Nav1.7), N-type calcium channel blocker, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and monoamine oxidase B inhibitor. Priralfinamide is in phase Ⅲ clinical trials by Newron for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.

Dipraglurant (ADX48621) is a novel, potent mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator that reduced the severity of drug-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Dipraglurant pharmacokinetic variables were similar to those of levodopa, suggesting that both drugs can be co-administered simultaneously in further studies. Dipraglurant might be useful in torsion dystonia treatment also. Detected adverse events are: sweating, dyskinesia, nausea, dizziness, and anxiety. One serious adverse event described as possible syncope.

Taranabant is a highly selective cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor inverse agonist developed by Merck & Co for the treatment of obesity. The Phase III taranabant study involved about 2,400 patients and was to be conducted for two years. In March 2008, after completion of 52 weeks of the study, Merck reported positive results of the drug in conjunction with diet and exercise in obese patients. The patients experienced double the amount of weight loss by taking 2mg of taranabant when compared to the patients treated with placebo. However, in October 2008, the company discontinued the Phase III programme and clinical development of taranabant because of its side effects. The drug showed gastrointestinal and psychiatric side effects such as increased anxiety, depression and irritability. Merck had previously planned to file for regulatory approval with the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008, but subsequently withdrew it.

Nerisopam [EGIS 6775, GYKI 52322] is a novel 2,3-benzodiazepine derivative with both anxiolytic and antipsychotic activity in animal studies. Nerisopam induces rapid, intense expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rostral, dorsomedial and lateral parts of the striatum in the rat. The striatal neurons are the primary targets of this anxiolytic and antipsychotic drug in the central nervous system. Nerisopam does not bind to the central dopamine receptors, but it shows affinity to the 5-HT1 receptors (IC50 = 7.1 x 10(-6) mol/l) and inhibits brain cAMP-phosphodiesterase (IC50 = 2.4 x 10(-5) mol/l). Nerisopam development for the treatment of anxiety disorder and schizophrenia were discontinued in phase 1.

Pozanicline is an alpha4-beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist. It had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of attention hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer’s disease. It was tested for the treatment of schizophrenia too. All these studies were discontinued. Modulation of hippocampal learning and memory using Pozanicline in animal model was effective as novel therapeutic strategies for nicotine addiction. However future clinical trial was terminated.

Bromadoline is a selective agonist of a μ-opioid receptor with potent analgesic activity developed by the Upjohn company in the 1970s for pain management.