Quinone is extensively used as a chemical intermediate, a polymerization inhibitor, an oxidizing agent, a photographic chemical, a tanning agent, and a chemical reagent. Quinone (p-benzoquinone) was first produced commercially in 1919 and has since been manufactured in several European countries. Its major use is in hydroquinone production, but it is also used as a polymerization inhibitor and as an intermediate in the production of a variety of substances, including rubber accelerators and oxidizing agents. It is used in the dye, textile, chemical, tanning, and cosmetic industries. In chemical synthesis for hydroquinone and other chemicals, quinone is used as an intermediate. It is also used in the manufacturing industries and chemical laboratory associated with protein fibre, photographic film, hydrogen peroxide, and gelatin making. Occupational exposure to quinone may occur in the dye, textile, chemical, tanning, and cosmetic industries. Inhalation exposure to quinone may occur from tobacco smoke. Quinone is a major metabolite of benzene. It has been found to generate H2O2 in cells. It has been suggested that the peroxide reacts with Cu(I) to produce an active species that induces internucleosomal DNA fragmentation.

Hexamidine diisethionate has been used in the personal care industry and in a number of over-the-counter (OTC) drug products as an antimicrobial agent. It was shown, that hexamidine diisethionate plays a beneficial role in skin homoeostasis.

Acid Red 87, also known as Eosin Y, used as an acidic red stain for cell cytoplasm and as a background stain, thereby giving contrast to the nuclear stains. In histopathology, it is applied as a counterstain after hematoxylin and before methylene blue. Acid Red 87 is also a dye photosensitizer that catalyzes electron-transfer reaction for efficient regeneration of NADH through a photosensitizer-electron relay dyad. Recently was shown that the combination of eosin Y with light-emitting diode produced bacterial inactivation, being a potential candidate for photodynamic inactivation.

Melarsomine (melarsomine dihydrochloride) is an organic arsenical chemotherapeutic agent and is a trypanocidal antiparasitic drug. As of 2016 DIROBAN, a generic melarsomine dihydrochloride product, is the only FDA-approved treatment for adult heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in dogs. It is not approved for treatment in cats, or dogs in late-stage infection. It is marketed by Merial under the trade name Immiticide and is not currently available in the U.S. due to a manufacturing shortage. Sponsored by Anzac Animal Health, LLC and distributed by Zoetis, Inc., DIROBAN is a prescription animal drug supplied as a sterile powder that must be reconstituted with an accompanying sterile water diluent. The exact mode of action on D. immitis is unknown. Post-treatment mortality due to thromboembolism and/or progression of the underlying disease may occur in 10 to 20% of the Class 3 patients treated with DIROBAN.

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter that was discovered as part of a screen to identify carrier-based permeation enhancers (Pes) that could “chaperone” poorly permeable payloads across the intestine. Its potential therapeutic application as a delivery agent was tested in many formats: taste-masked liquids, tablets, and soft gelatin capsules. SNAC is the most extensively tested carrier and the only PE approved in an oral formulation designed to improve oral bioavailabilities. The mechanism of action of this compound is not clear. However, Novo Nordisk offered a mechanism of action for SNAC in its non-enteric coated tablet of the glucagon-like peptide 1 analog, semaglutide. SNAC formed a complex around the semaglutide in the stomach and caused a transient increase in local pH around the molecule. It is claimed that semaglutide is protected against pepsin by SNAC and that solubility was increased, resulting in an increased concentration-dependent flux of semaglutide across the gastric mucosa, using a transcellular mechanism as the tablet comes in intimate contact with the epithelium. Clinical trials for patients with Type 2 Diabetes have shown that the oral semaglutide co-formulated with 300 mg SNAC could be used for further clinical development.

Naringenin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in natural citrus fruits and has been studied as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Besides, it has been investigated for its ability to inhibit the growth of breast, colon, gastric and prostate cancer cells. Experiments on rodents have revealed, that naringenin is a component of Drynaria Rhizome and can enhance memory function and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of human multiple sclerosis was determined that naringenin may have a potential to ameliorate autoimmune disease by favorably modulating autoimmune response. The precise mechanism of action of naringenin compound is not clear, but it is known, that it is a partial agonist of estrogen receptor that can act as a competitive antagonist in the presence of a potent (or full) agonist. In addition, it binds to collapsin response mediator protein 2 protein (CRMP2) and reduces the Aβ-induced phosphorylation of CRMP2, resulting in axonal growth facilitation.

7-Aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid is a key intermediate for the synthesis of cephalosporins antibiotics and their intermediates. The current process for producing 7-ADCA involves a multistep chemical ring expansion of penicillin G to phenylacetyl-7-ADCA, from which the aromatic side chain is removed using a penicillin acylase.