PIRACETAM

Possibly Marketed Outside US

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C6H10N2O2
Molecular Weight	142.1558
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NC(=O)CN1CCCC1=O

InChI

InChIKey=GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H10N2O2/c7-5(9)4-8-3-1-2-6(8)10/h1-4H2,(H2,7,9)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C6H10N2O2
Molecular Weight	142.1558
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09210
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163115 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459490 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10210031 | https://www.drugs.com/uk/piracetam-800mg-tablets-leaflet.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16007238 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17284293

Piracetam (sold under many brand names) is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), originally marketed in 1971 by UCB Pharma. Presently piracetam is used in many European countries, Asia and South America. In the United States, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for any medical use and it is not permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement. In the UK, piracetam is prescribed mainly for myoclonus but is used off-label for other conditions. Evidence to support its use for many conditions is unclear. Piracetam's mechanism of action, as with racetams in general, is not fully understood. The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant. It is hypothesized to act on ion channels or ion carriers, thus leading to increased neuron excitability. GABA brain metabolism and GABA receptors are not affected by piracetam. It has been found to increase blood flow and oxygen consumption in parts of the brain, but this may be a side effect of increased brain activity rather than a primary effector mechanism of action for the drug.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1 9 Target ID: CHEMBL2009 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163115	Positive Allosteric Modulator 186
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 6 Target ID: CHEMBL3503 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163115	Positive Allosteric Modulator 186
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3 4 Target ID: CHEMBL3504 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163115	Positive Allosteric Modulator 186

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Cognitive disorders 8 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16007238	Primary	Approved 8583	Nootropil Approved Use Unknown
Myoclonus of cortical origin 1 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16007238	Primary	Approved 8583	Nootropil Approved Use Unknown
Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia 1 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16007238	Preventing	Approved 8583	Nootropil Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
85.3 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	3200 mg single, oral dose: 3200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
173.7 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
177 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
211.2 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
173.7 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
136.5 μg/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
521.7 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	3200 mg single, oral dose: 3200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1192.5 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1590.1 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1661.7 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1192.5 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1199.3 μg × h/mL OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
4.6 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	3200 mg single, oral dose: 3200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
5.6 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=31 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=112	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
5 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
5 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32 \| https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=114	6400 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
5.6 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
5.2 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=32	6400 mg single, oral dose: 6400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIRACETAM plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
99% OTHER GOV'T https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/820110_1190013S1037_1_09D_1F.pdf#page=37			PIRACETAM serum	Homo sapiens

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
12 g 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 12 g, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 12 g, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9527146/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9527146/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9527146/
1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	Disc. AE: Stomach upset, Ulcer... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Stomach upset (6.6%) Ulcer (0.4%) Eczema (0.4%) Allergy (0.4%) Cerebral seizures (0.4%) Depression (0.4%) Heartburn (0.4%) Gastritis (0.4%) Weight increase (0.4%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Allergy	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Cerebral seizures	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Depression	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Eczema	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Gastritis	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Heartburn	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Ulcer	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Weight increase	0.4% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/
Stomach upset	6.6% Disc. AE	1.6 g 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.6 g, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099714/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Pharmacological treatment for aphasia following stroke.	2001	11687079
Pharmacokinetic considerations in prescribing antiepileptic drugs.	2001	11564120
[Current strategies of pathogenetic therapy of Alzheimer's disease].	2001	11523421
Levetiracetam add-on for drug-resistant localization related (partial) epilepsy.	2001	11279737
Restitution of alpha-topography by piracetam in post-stroke aphasia.	2001 Apr	11332870
Levetiracetam psychosis in children with epilepsy.	2001 Dec	11879376
Pharmacokinetic study of levetiracetam in children.	2001 Dec	11879369
Piracetam affects facilitatory I-wave interaction in the human motor cortex.	2001 Feb	11165529
Levetiracetam.	2001 Jul 1	11449876
[Piracetam in the treatment of a patient with idiopathic cortical myoclonus].	2001 Jul 16-31	11700615
Levetiracetam inhibits the high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) current in pyramidal neurones of rat hippocampal slices.	2001 Jun 22	11403944
Piracetam in post-hypoxic action myoclonus.	2001 Nov	11868876
Levetiracetam: a novel antiepileptic drug.	2001 Nov	11714211
A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug.	2001 Nov	11673023
Lack of effect of repeated administration of levetiracetam on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of warfarin.	2001 Nov	11673021
[Effect of piracetam on the conditional reflex memory under probable reinforcement conditions].	2001 Nov-Dec	11871229
Controlled pilot study of piracetam for pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus.	2001 Nov-Dec	11801811
Piracetam study: poorly designed and misinterpreted.	2001 Oct	11576020
The nootropic drug vinpocetine inhibits veratridine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.	2001 Sep	11699936
Effect of levetiracetam on human corticospinal excitability.	2001 Sep 11	11552017
[Treatment and long-term follow-up of post-anoxic myoclonus].	2001 Sep 23	11697066
[Managing vertigo and vertigo syndromes in the elderly].	2001 Sep 8-15	11603271
Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug.	2001 Winter	11830761
Piracetam for fetal distress in labour.	2002	11869588
[Piracetam in combined pathogenetic therapy of recurrent duodenal ulcer].	2002	11855320
Design and study of piracetam-like nootropics, controversial members of the problematic class of cognition-enhancing drugs.	2002	11812254
A new antiepileptic drug.	2002 Apr	11909894
Carbamazepine toxicity during combination therapy with levetiracetam: a pharmacodynamic interaction.	2002 Feb	11904240
Levetiracetam: a different approach to the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy.	2002 Feb	11847952
Three new drugs for epilepsy: levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide.	2002 Jan	11918464
Selective blockade of N-type calcium channels by levetiracetam.	2002 Jan	11879381
Dose-response effect of levetiracetam 1000 and 2000 mg/day in partial epilepsy.	2002 Jan	11823112
Newer therapies in the drug treatment of epilepsy.	2002 Jan	11816240
[Scavenger effect of various cerebrovascular drugs].	2002 Jan 6	11816373
In vitro antioxidant properties of pentoxifylline, piracetam, and vinpocetine.	2002 Jan-Feb	11852295
Aggravation of partial seizures by antiepileptic drugs: is there evidence from clinical trials?	2002 Jul 9	12105311
[Levetiracetam: an anti-epileptic drug with interesting pharmacokinetic properties].	2002 Jun 29	12132136
A comparison of the efficacy of carbamazepine and the novel anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam in the tetanus toxin model of focal complex partial epilepsy.	2002 Mar	11906955
Levetiracetam opposes the action of GABAA antagonists in hypothalamic neurones.	2002 Mar	11897113
[Effect of the novel dipeptide nootropic agent noopept and its metabolite cyclo-L-prolylglycine on the transcallosal evoked potential in the rat brain].	2002 Mar-Apr	12109288
[Experimental and clinical rationale for complex treatment of mental disorders in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident].	2002 Mar-Apr	12109283
Piracetam and vinpocetine exert cytoprotective activity and prevent apoptosis of astrocytes in vitro in hypoxia and reoxygenation.	2002 May	12164545
Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.	2002 May	12164263
Levetiracetam in the treatment of paroxysmal kinesiogenic choreoathetosis.	2002 May	12112221
[Levetiracetam: a molecule with a novel mechanism of action in the pharmaceutical treatment of epilepsy].	2002 May 20	12122879

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

The dosing of piracetam varies according to indication. For cognitive disorders and vertigo it is 2.4–4.8 g daily p.o., for dyslexia it is 3.2 g daily p.o., for cortical myoclonus it is 7.2–24.0 g daily p.o., for prophylaxis of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia it is 160 mg/kg/day p.o., and for remission of vaso-occlusive crises it is 300 mg/kg/day i.v. in four divided doses.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Primary cultures of mice cortical neurons were washed twice in glucose-free Earle’s solution (143 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 1.0 mM MgSO4, 1.0 mM NaH2PO4, 2.4 mM HEPES, and pH 7.4) at 37 OC and placed in an incubator containing 95 % N2 and 5 % CO2 for 4 h. The neurons were then fed with high glucose DMEM (Earle’s solution), and returned to the normal incubator for a 4 h recovery. Those neurons for control underwent the same procedure except the oxygen/glucose deprivation treatment. For the drug treatment groups, piracetam (PIR, 500 or 1,000 mkM/l) or nimodipine (NIMO, 10 mkM/l) was given 12 h before OGD or during OGD and for the following 4 h. The OGD control group was treated with vehicle (PBS).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:45:54 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:45:54 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	ZH516LNZ10
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

PIRACETAM

Official Name

English

MYOCALM

Preferred Name

English

PIRACETAM [HSDB]

Common Name

English

piracetam [INN]

Common Name

English

PIRACETAM [MI]

Common Name

English

PIRACETAM [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

NSC-758191

Code

English

PIRACETAM [MART.]

Common Name

English

PIRACETAM [USAN]

Common Name

English

PIRACETAM [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

PIRACETAM [JAN]

Common Name

English

CL-871

Code

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QN06BX03