Oxygen

First marketed in 1868

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=O

InChI

InChIKey=MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2/c1-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183 | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0

Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8. Diatomic oxygen constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. Diatomic oxygen is used by complex life forms such as animals, in cellular respiration. Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anaesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe haemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma; to aid the resuscitation of the critically ill, when the circulation is impaired; to aid in neonatal resuscitation; to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with cluster headache.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
aerobic respiration 4 Target ID: GO:0009060 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Acute myocardial infarction 37 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Normobaric oxygen is widely recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The randomized phase 3 clinical trial, however, did not demonstrate reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality compared to ambient air group.
Acute ischemic stroke 19 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.
Cluster headache 10 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with a cluster headache.
Carbon monoxide intoxication 2 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase protects lung epithelial cells against oxidant injury.	2001 Apr	11306437
Inhibitory effect of YC-1 on the hypoxic induction of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in Hep3B cells.	2001 Apr 15	11286986
Dependence of excitotoxic neurodegeneration on mitochondrial aconitase inactivation.	2001 Aug	11520895
Recovery from oxidant-mediated lung injury: response of metallothionein, MIP-2, and MCP-1 to nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone exposures.	2001 Aug	11498801
Role of protein kinase Cdelta in transmitting hypoxia signal to HSF and HIF-1.	2001 Aug	11424089
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase.	2001 Aug 28	11524388
Correlation of HO-1 expression with onset and reversal of hypoxia-induced vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity.	2001 Jul	11406497
Sensory nerves promote ozone-induced lung inflammation in mice.	2001 Jul 15	11463606
Cobalt induces heme oxygenase-1 expression by a hypoxia-inducible factor-independent mechanism in Chinese hamster ovary cells: regulation by Nrf2 and MafG transcription factors.	2001 Jul 20	11356853
Hypoxia regulates avian cardiac Arnt and HIF-1alpha mRNA expression.	2001 Mar 30	11401503
Hypoxia-induced regulation of MAPK phosphatase-1 as identified by subtractive suppression hybridization and cDNA microarray analysis.	2001 Nov 30	11577072
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors attenuate necrotic but not apoptotic neuronal death in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.	2001 Sep	11526447
Hypoxic preconditioning induces changes in HIF-1 target genes in neonatal rat brain.	2001 Sep	11524615
Prevention of further cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis by hyperbaric oxygen and mesna in guinea pigs.	2001 Sep	11490309
Hypoxia increases leptin expression in human PAZ6 adipose cells.	2002 Apr	12032628
Role of mitochondrial oxidant generation in endothelial cell responses to hypoxia.	2002 Apr 1	11950692
The dietary flavonoid quercetin modulates HIF-1 alpha activity in endothelial cells.	2002 Apr 26	12054621
NADPH oxidase(s): new source(s) of reactive oxygen species in the vascular system?	2002 Aug	12147646
Response of VEGF expression to amino acid deprivation and inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress.	2002 Aug	12147617
Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging.	2002 Aug 30	12058024
Increased migration of murine keratinocytes under hypoxia is mediated by induction of urokinase plasminogen activator.	2002 Dec	12485432
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation suppresses ischemic induction of Egr-1 and its inflammatory gene targets.	2002 Dec	12468449
Airway chemotransduction: from oxygen sensor to cellular effector.	2002 Dec 15	12471084
Reactive oxygen species and cell signaling: respiratory burst in macrophage signaling.	2002 Dec 15	12471082
Hypoxia and beta 2-agonists regulate cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel in native alveolar epithelial cells.	2002 Dec 6	12372821
Basic toxicological approach has been effective in two poisoned patients with amitraz ingestion: case reports.	2002 Jan	12046725
Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is involved in the hypoxic stimuli-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteoblastic cells.	2002 Jan 7	11886167
Oxygen therapy for infants with chronic lung disease.	2002 Jul	12091281
Reactive species mediated injury of human lung epithelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation.	2002 Jul-Aug	12097231
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase lies downstream from angiotensin II-induced angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb.	2002 Mar 1	11897773
Inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I attenuate the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during hypoxia in Hep3B cells.	2002 May	12062197
Hypoxia-induced VEGF and collagen I expressions are associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in experimental cirrhosis.	2002 May	11981751
Adaptive responses to oxidative damage in three mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (age-1, mev-1 and daf-16) that affect life span.	2002 Nov	12470895
Hyperbaric oxygen for cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.	2002 Nov	12406105
Hypoxic but not anoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.	2002 Nov	12376345
The role of hypoxia-inducible signaling pathway in nickel carcinogenesis.	2002 Oct	12426141
Control of the hypoxic response in Drosophila melanogaster by the basic helix-loop-helix PAS protein similar.	2002 Oct	12215541
Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid. Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol, and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H(2)O(2).	2002 Oct 25	12192006
Retinal oxygen: fundamental and clinical aspects.	2003 Apr	12695252
Vascular endothelial growth factor in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome: evidence for antecedent hypoxia.	2003 Feb	12563064
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by beta2-adrenoceptor activation: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in renal mesangial cells.	2003 Jan	12608646
Oxygen-regulated expression of the Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1).	2003 Jul	12738801
Redox regulation of HIF-1alpha levels and HO-1 expression in renal medullary interstitial cells.	2003 Jun	12595275
Induction of T-type calcium channel gene expression by chronic hypoxia.	2003 Jun 20	12679337
Use of helium-oxygen mixtures in the treatment of acute asthma: a systematic review.	2003 Mar	12628893
Heliox vs air-oxygen mixtures for the treatment of patients with acute asthma: a systematic overview.	2003 Mar	12628892
Hyperbaric oxygen for treating wounds: a systematic review of the literature.	2003 Mar	12611573
Oxygen administration in infants.	2003 Mar	12598492
The cellular oxygen tension regulates expression of the endoplasmic oxidoreductase ERO1-Lalpha.	2003 May	12752442
Cobalt inhibits the interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha and von Hippel-Lindau protein by direct binding to hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha.	2003 May 2	12606543

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Medical oxygen is administered by inhalation through the lungs. The major exception is when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary by-pass system. For a cluster headache, oxygen should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of the attack, via a non-rebreathing facemask at a flow of 6 to 12 l/min for approximately 15 minutes.

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:22:01 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:22:01 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	S88TT14065
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

E-948

Preferred Name

English

Oxygen

Official Name

English

INS NO.948

Code

English

OXYGEN [JAN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MART.]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MI]

Common Name

English

RNS-60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

OXYGEN [VANDF]

Common Name

English

INS-948

Code

English

Oxygen [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

RNS60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

OXYGEN [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

MOLECULAR OXYGEN

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [HSDB]

Common Name

English

OXYGENIUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN MOLECULE

Common Name

English

DIOXYGEN

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

10236-8