Oxygen

First marketed in 1868

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=O

InChI

InChIKey=MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2/c1-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183 | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0

Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8. Diatomic oxygen constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. Diatomic oxygen is used by complex life forms such as animals, in cellular respiration. Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anaesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe haemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma; to aid the resuscitation of the critically ill, when the circulation is impaired; to aid in neonatal resuscitation; to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with cluster headache.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
aerobic respiration 4 Target ID: GO:0009060 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Acute myocardial infarction 37 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Normobaric oxygen is widely recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The randomized phase 3 clinical trial, however, did not demonstrate reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality compared to ambient air group.
Acute ischemic stroke 19 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.
Cluster headache 10 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with a cluster headache.
Carbon monoxide intoxication 2 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Oxygen-regulated expression of the Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1).	2003-07	12738801
Induction of T-type calcium channel gene expression by chronic hypoxia.	2003-06-20	12679337
Redox regulation of HIF-1alpha levels and HO-1 expression in renal medullary interstitial cells.	2003-06	12595275
Cobalt inhibits the interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha and von Hippel-Lindau protein by direct binding to hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha.	2003-05-02	12606543
The cellular oxygen tension regulates expression of the endoplasmic oxidoreductase ERO1-Lalpha.	2003-05	12752442
Retinal oxygen: fundamental and clinical aspects.	2003-04	12695252
Use of helium-oxygen mixtures in the treatment of acute asthma: a systematic review.	2003-03	12628893
Heliox vs air-oxygen mixtures for the treatment of patients with acute asthma: a systematic overview.	2003-03	12628892
Hyperbaric oxygen for treating wounds: a systematic review of the literature.	2003-03	12611573
Oxygen administration in infants.	2003-03	12598492
Vascular endothelial growth factor in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome: evidence for antecedent hypoxia.	2003-02	12563064
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by beta2-adrenoceptor activation: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in renal mesangial cells.	2003-01	12608646
Airway chemotransduction: from oxygen sensor to cellular effector.	2002-12-15	12471084
Reactive oxygen species and cell signaling: respiratory burst in macrophage signaling.	2002-12-15	12471082
Hypoxia and beta 2-agonists regulate cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel in native alveolar epithelial cells.	2002-12-06	12372821
Increased migration of murine keratinocytes under hypoxia is mediated by induction of urokinase plasminogen activator.	2002-12	12485432
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation suppresses ischemic induction of Egr-1 and its inflammatory gene targets.	2002-12	12468449
Adaptive responses to oxidative damage in three mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (age-1, mev-1 and daf-16) that affect life span.	2002-11	12470895
Hyperbaric oxygen for cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.	2002-11	12406105
Hypoxic but not anoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.	2002-11	12376345
Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid. Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol, and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H(2)O(2).	2002-10-25	12192006
The role of hypoxia-inducible signaling pathway in nickel carcinogenesis.	2002-10	12426141
Control of the hypoxic response in Drosophila melanogaster by the basic helix-loop-helix PAS protein similar.	2002-10	12215541
Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging.	2002-08-30	12058024
NADPH oxidase(s): new source(s) of reactive oxygen species in the vascular system?	2002-08	12147646
Response of VEGF expression to amino acid deprivation and inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress.	2002-08	12147617
Reactive species mediated injury of human lung epithelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation.	2002-07-05	12097231
Oxygen therapy for infants with chronic lung disease.	2002-07	12091281
Inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I attenuate the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during hypoxia in Hep3B cells.	2002-05	12062197
Hypoxia-induced VEGF and collagen I expressions are associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in experimental cirrhosis.	2002-05	11981751
The dietary flavonoid quercetin modulates HIF-1 alpha activity in endothelial cells.	2002-04-26	12054621
Role of mitochondrial oxidant generation in endothelial cell responses to hypoxia.	2002-04-01	11950692
Hypoxia increases leptin expression in human PAZ6 adipose cells.	2002-04	12032628
Serum SP-D is a marker of lung injury in rats.	2002-04	11880309
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase lies downstream from angiotensin II-induced angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb.	2002-03-01	11897773
Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth.	2002-02-15	11861405
Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is involved in the hypoxic stimuli-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteoblastic cells.	2002-01-07	11886167
Basic toxicological approach has been effective in two poisoned patients with amitraz ingestion: case reports.	2002-01	12046725
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein by the oxidative stressor arsenite.	2001-12-21	11641398
Hypoxia-induced regulation of MAPK phosphatase-1 as identified by subtractive suppression hybridization and cDNA microarray analysis.	2001-11-30	11577072
Differential expression of adrenomedullin and its receptor component, receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 2 during hypoxia in cultured human neuroblastoma cells.	2001-11	11754965
A new HIF-1 alpha variant induced by zinc ion suppresses HIF-1-mediated hypoxic responses.	2001-11	11739637
Hypoxia reduces alveolar epithelial sodium and fluid transport in rats: reversal by beta-adrenergic agonist treatment.	2001-11	11713096
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors attenuate necrotic but not apoptotic neuronal death in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.	2001-09	11526447
Hypoxic preconditioning induces changes in HIF-1 target genes in neonatal rat brain.	2001-09	11524615
Prevention of further cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis by hyperbaric oxygen and mesna in guinea pigs.	2001-09	11490309
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase.	2001-08-28	11524388
Dependence of excitotoxic neurodegeneration on mitochondrial aconitase inactivation.	2001-08	11520895
Recovery from oxidant-mediated lung injury: response of metallothionein, MIP-2, and MCP-1 to nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone exposures.	2001-08	11498801
Sensory nerves promote ozone-induced lung inflammation in mice.	2001-07-15	11463606

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Medical oxygen is administered by inhalation through the lungs. The major exception is when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary by-pass system. For a cluster headache, oxygen should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of the attack, via a non-rebreathing facemask at a flow of 6 to 12 l/min for approximately 15 minutes.

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:22:01 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:22:01 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	S88TT14065
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

E-948

Preferred Name

English

Oxygen

Official Name

English

INS NO.948

Code

English

OXYGEN [JAN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MART.]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MI]

Common Name

English

RNS-60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

OXYGEN [VANDF]

Common Name

English

INS-948

Code

English

Oxygen [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

RNS60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

OXYGEN [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

MOLECULAR OXYGEN

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [HSDB]

Common Name

English

OXYGENIUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN MOLECULE

Common Name

English

DIOXYGEN

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

10236-8